Efere ndubụ akụkụ bụ isi nke ndu, ndu bụ ọla dị arọ dị mkpa karị, nwere ọtụtụ njirimara, nke kachasị mkpa bụ na njupụta ya dị ntakịrị, ike siri ike na ọrụ mgbochi corrosion na mgbochi dị iche iche dị elu. Na a dịtụ nnukwu uka na njupụta, tumadi na-eji na mmepụta nke ndu batrị, acid ụlọ ọrụ na metallurgical ụlọ ọrụ na-edu efere, ndu ọkpọkọ dị ka ákwà mmezi akụrụngwa, eletriki ụlọ ọrụ dị ka ụzọ USB n'ọbọ na fuse. A na-eji ihe ndị nwere tin na antimony eme ihe maka ụdị obibi akwụkwọ, a na-eji ihe na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka electrodes na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adịghị mma, a na-ejikwa efere ndu na efere ígwè eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Lead nwere ezigbo nnabata nke ụzarị X-ray na gamma ma ejiri ya mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka data mmezi maka igwe X-ray na akụrụngwa ume atomiki. E jiriwo ozi ndị ọzọ dochie ya ma ọ bụ ga-anọchi ya n'akụkụ ụfọdụ n'ihi ihe nsi na akụnụba. A na-eji otu n'ime ihe kachasị mkpa n'ọhịa nke mgbochi radieshon. Nke a bụ ka efere ndu ndú si ekere òkè na igbochi radieshon:
α urughuru ntinye adịghị ike, mpempe akwụkwọ nwere ike igbochi; Efere ụzọ nchebe nwere ike igbochi kpamkpam, nchekwa alfa radieshon anaghị eri anụ, akpụkpọ ahụ nwere ntụpọ. Ihe ọzọ bụ beta ray, nke nwere ntinye agafeghị oke. Efere ụzọ nchebe izugbe nwere ike igbochi ọtụtụ ụzarị, mana beta ray na-ejikarị ihe mgbochi nke ọnụọgụ atọm dị ala, ka ọ ghara imepụta bremsstrahlung. N'ikpeazụ, a na-emepụta gamma ray na α na β, na ntinye siri ike, ụfọdụ ọkpụrụkpụ nke efere ndu nchebe nwere ike igbochi ụfọdụ oke nke ike nke gamma ray, redioaktivu ike na ọkpụrụkpụ nke ihe nchebe dị ka attenuation iwu exponential si kwuo, a pụghị igbochi ya kpamkpam. Mana ọ dịghị mkpa maka mgbochi zuru oke. N'ezie, redioaktivu dị ebe niile, yana radieshon dị na mbara ala gbara ya gburugburu, ọ bụrụhaala na edobere ya n'ime oke ezi uche dị na ya.
Oge nzipu: Jul-04-2022