Kukulitsa kukonzanso kwamitengo yamagetsi, kodi makampani opanga ma electrolytic aluminiyamu amapulumutsa bwanji mphamvu ndikuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya?
Pa Ogasiti 27, National Development and Reform Commission idapereka "Chidziwitso pa Ndondomeko ya Mtengo wa Magetsi pang'onopang'ono kwa Makampani a Aluminiyamu a Electrolytic", yomwe ndi kukhazikitsa konkire kwa njira yowonjezereka yamtengo wobiriwira mdziko muno komanso kusewera kwathunthu kwa chitsogozo cha zizindikiro zamtengo wamagetsi. Ofufuza adanena kuti kuzama kwa kusintha kwamitengo yamagetsi m'dziko langa kudzagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri polimbikitsa kupulumutsa mphamvu mosalekeza komanso kuchepetsa utsi wamakampani a aluminiyamu a electrolytic mdziko langa, kuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu, ndikuthandizira kukwaniritsa cholinga cha mpweya wa carbon ndi kusalowerera ndale.
Wang Xianwei, wofufuza wa China Securities Investment Futures Industrial Products Division, adanena kuti chidziwitsochi chimakhudza kwambiri makampani a aluminiyamu a electrolytic kuphatikizapo: choyamba, kutsika kwa mtengo wamagetsi ndi kuwonjezereka kwa mtengo wamtengo wapatali, ndipo chachiwiri, kuletsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mfundo zamtengo wapatali za magetsi opangira magetsi a electrolytic aluminium.
Mwachindunji, mfundo yoyamba ndikuyika mitengo yamagetsi yamagetsi a electrolytic aluminiyamu molingana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse za AC za aluminiyumu yosungunuka. "Muyezo wapano ndi 13,650 kWh pa tani." Pafupifupi mabizinesi onse apanyumba a aluminiyamu amagetsi amatha kukwaniritsa izi ndipo sangakumane ndi chiwopsezo chokwera mtengo pakanthawi kochepa. Muyezo wa 2023 ndi 13,450 kWh, ndipo mu 2025 ndi 13,300 kWh. kuwonjezera." Wang Xianwei adati makampani ambiri amayenera kuyang'anizana ndi kasamalidwe ndi kukweza kwaukadaulo ngati akufuna kukwaniritsa muyezo. Kuonjezera apo, chidziwitsochi chimalimbikitsa makampani a electrolytic aluminiyamu kuti awonjezere kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zopanda madzi monga mphamvu ya mphepo ndi mphamvu ya photovoltaic, ndi kuchepetsa mitengo ya zolimbikitsa.
Mfundo yachiwiri ikhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zazikulu pamakampani ambiri amakono a aluminiyamu, ndipo zotsatira zachindunji ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama za magetsi. "Zikumveka kuti chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa nthawi yayitali kwa mabizinesi a aluminiyamu a electrolytic m'zaka zingapo zapitazi, mabizinesi ambiri a aluminiyamu akambirana ndi boma laderalo, ma gridi amagetsi ndi magetsi kuti apeze mitengo yamagetsi yamtengo wapatali. Kwa mabizinesi omwe ali ndi magetsi odzipatsa okha, kuchuluka kofananira kwamagetsi odzipangira okha kwaperekedwa. Ndalama zaboma ndi ndalama zolipiridwa zidzachotsedwa, ndalama zaboma ndi zosungirako zidzachotsedwa. m’tsogolomu, ndipo ndalama zopangira mabizinesi zidzakwera.” Wang Xianwei adatero.
Gu Fengda, wamkulu wa dipatimenti yofufuza ndi upangiri ya Guoxin Futures, adati makampani a aluminiyamu mdziko langa akukakamizidwa kuti akwaniritse cholinga chofikira nsonga za kaboni mu 2025 pasadakhale. Malinga ndi momwe makampani a aluminiyamu amagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi, malasha ndiye gwero lalikulu lamagetsi osungunula aluminiyamu ndi kuyenga aluminiyamu ku China, omwe amawerengera 85% yamagetsi osungunula aluminiyumu ndi 87% yamagetsi oyenga aluminiyamu. Njira zopangira zinthu zopangira migodi kuchokera ku migodi mpaka kufikitsa zimawerengera 22% ya kuchuluka kwa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha wa aluminiyamu yoyambira, pomwe malasha amakhala ndi 68% yamagetsi oyeretsera aluminiyamu. Kupanga tani imodzi ya aluminiyamu ya electrolytic kutulutsa pafupifupi matani 12 a mpweya wa carbon.
Malinga ndi momwe amagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu pamakampani a aluminiyamu padziko lonse lapansi, ku China kumapanga 55% -60% ya zotulutsa zonse padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo wakhala akugwira ntchito ngati wopanga wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wa electrolytic aluminium ndi ogula kwa zaka zambiri. Komabe, chifukwa chakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri zamakampani a aluminiyamu Amadaliranso malasha ndi zinthu zina monga zida zopangira magetsi. Kuchokera pamawonedwe a deta, pafupifupi 70% ya mpweya wochokera ku aluminiyumu yapadziko lonse lapansi imachokera ku China. "Choncho, monga injini yofunika kwambiri yolimbikitsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa aluminiyamu kwa nthawi yayitali, makampani a aluminiyamu aku China adzakhala ndi ntchito zolemetsa pakukonzekera mphamvu ya 14th Year Plan. ndiwo mkhalidwe wamba ndi mayeso aakulu omwe amakumana nawo.” Gu Fengda anatero.
Wang Xianwei adanenanso kuti pansi pa kuwongolera mphamvu zapawiri komanso kaboni wapawiri, mabizinesi a aluminiyamu a electrolytic, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, amayenera kukumana ndi kusintha kwamphamvu. Chidziwitsochi ndichothandiza kulimbikitsa makampani kuti apitilize kukulitsa ndalama pakusintha kwaukadaulo, kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi ndikuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya. Kwa mabizinesi, ngakhale kuti adzakumana ndi kukwera kwamitengo kwakanthawi kochepa, m'kupita kwanthawi kumathandizira kufulumizitsa kusintha ndi kukweza komanso kulimbikitsa chitukuko chabwino komanso chanthawi yayitali.
Zikumveka kuti kukhazikitsidwa koyambirira kwa mfundo yamtengo wapatali yamagetsi mumakampani a aluminiyamu ya electrolytic kwapeza zotsatira, ndipo mfundo yamtengo wapatali yamagetsi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira 2013. Malinga ndi momwe ntchito ikugwiritsidwira ntchito, ndondomeko yamtengo wapatali yamagetsi yakhala ndi gawo labwino pakulimbikitsa mafakitale a electrolytic aluminium kuti athetse mphamvu zambiri, kulimbikitsa kupita patsogolo kwaumisiri ndi kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha mafakitale, kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko ndi kupititsa patsogolo makampani onse. mulingo wa mphamvu zonse. Motsogozedwa ndi mphamvu zamalamulo komanso zolimbikitsa zamabizinesi, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwamakampani opanga ma electrolytic aluminiyamu kwatsika m'zaka zaposachedwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse za AC pa tani imodzi ya aluminiyamu ndi ma aluminium ingots kwatsika kuchoka pa 14,795 kWh mu 2004 kufika pa 13,543 kWh mu 2020, kutsika kopitilira 1,200. Kilowatt maola.
Kukonzanso kwa ndondomekoyi kumagwirizana ndi chitukuko chenichenicho cha mafakitale, kumaganizira mgwirizano pakati pa kusungirako mphamvu pakupanga ndi kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu pakusintha kwachitetezo cha chilengedwe, ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira za cholinga chapawiri cha carbon. Gu Fengda adanena kuti patatha zaka zambiri za kuyeretsa ndi kukonzanso mafakitale a aluminiyamu a electrolytic, kusintha kwapangidwe kwapangidwe kwalimbikitsa mapangidwe a denga la electrolytic aluminiyamu kupanga mphamvu ndikuthetsa vuto lalikulu lowonjezera chifukwa cha kuwonjezereka kosasunthika kwa mphamvu zopanga zomwe zakhala zikuvutitsa makampani kwa zaka zambiri. Kuyambira pamenepo, kudzera mosalekeza kuwongolera kwachitetezo cha chilengedwe ndiukadaulo Zimafunika kulimbikitsa kusintha ndi kukweza kwa mafakitale a aluminiyamu a electrolytic mdziko langa.
"Poyang'anizana ndi kuphulika kwa kufunika m'munda wa mphamvu zatsopano ndi zomangamanga zatsopano ndi zofunika za kusintha wobiriwira mphamvu pansi pa 'awiri-carbon' cholinga, kotunga ndi kufunika kukula kwa zitsulo sanali achitsulo ku China adzakhala diverge m'tsogolo, ndipo ambiri a zitsulo sanali achitsulo adzakumana ndi zoletsa, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kusintha wobiriwira mphamvu. The mowa angathe osakhala achitsulo, ndi zotayidwa ndi copper lifiyamu ndi copper lifiyamu lifiyamu ndi copper lifiyamu, ndi copper nicoback zitsulo, zolimbikitsidwa.” Gu Fengda amakhulupirira kuti mafakitale a aluminiyamu, monga munda wokhala ndi mpweya wambiri wa carbon mu makampani osakhala achitsulo, ndithudi adzafulumizitsa mayendedwe obiriwira ndi otsika mpweya wa carbon m'zaka zisanu zikubwerazi. Kuwongolera mogwira mtima mphamvu yopangira, kukhathamiritsa kapangidwe ka mphamvu, kupanga matekinoloje amagetsi otsika, komanso kuchulukitsa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka aluminiyamu yazitsulo ndizo njira zazikuluzikulu zamakampani a aluminiyamu kuti akwaniritse nsonga za mpweya. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyendetsera msika monga njira zogulitsira zotulutsa mpweya wa kaboni kudzathandiziranso kukulitsa zobiriwira, zotsika kaboni komanso chitukuko chokhazikika chamakampani a aluminiyamu. Chitani ntchito yofunika. Ndi njira zingapo zomwe zimatengedwa nthawi imodzi, makampani a aluminiyamu adzabweretsa kusintha kwa mbiri yakale ndi chitukuko cha "kuchepetsa utsi, kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa mawu, ndi kukweza kotsimikizika kwamitengo".
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Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-01-2021