Ukujulisa ukuguqulwa kwamanani kagesi, imboni ye-electrolytic aluminium iwonga kanjani amandla futhi inciphise ukukhishwa kwegesi?
Ngomhla zingama-27 kuNcwaba, Ikhomishana Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko yakhipha “Isaziso Ngesinyathelo Nesinyathelo Senqubomgomo Yamanani Kagesi Wemboni Ye-Aluminium Electrolytic”, okuwukuqaliswa okubonakalayo kolunye uhlelo lwezwe lwamanani aluhlaza kanye nokudlalwa okuphelele kwendima engumhlahlandlela wamasignali entengo kagesi. Abahlaziyi bathi ukujula kwezwe lami kwezinguquko zentengo kagesi kuzodlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukonga ugesi okuqhubekayo kanye nokuncishiswa kokukhishwa kwegesi embonini yezwe lami ye-electrolytic aluminium, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla, nokusiza ekufezeni umgomo we-carbon peak kanye nokungathathi hlangothi kwe-carbon.
U-Wang Xianwei, umcwaningi we-China Securities Investment Futures Industrial Products Division, uthe isaziso sinomthelela omkhulu kakhulu ezinkampanini ze-electrolytic aluminium okuhlanganisa: okokuqala, ukulinganisa intengo kagesi okunyathelwe kanye namazinga okunyusa amanani, okwesibili, ukuvimbela ukuqaliswa kwezinqubomgomo zentengo kagesi ezikhethwayo embonini ye-electrolytic aluminium.
Ngokucacile, iphuzu lokuqala ukuhlukanisa amanani kagesi ahlanganisiwe embonini ye-electrolytic aluminium ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwe-AC okuphelele kwe-aluminium encibilikisiwe. "Izinga lamanje lokuhlukaniswa ngu-13,650 kWh ngethani. Cishe wonke amabhizinisi asekhaya e-electrolytic aluminium angahlangabezana naleli zinga futhi ngeke abhekane nobungozi bokwenyuka kwentengo esikhathini esifushane. Izinga lika-2023 liyi-13,450 kWh, kanti izinga lika-2025 liyi-13,300 kWh. Njengamanje, izinkampani ezimbalwa kuphela ezifinyelele lesi silinganiso esikalini. ukuthuthukisa.” UWang Xianwei uthe izinkampani eziningi kumele zibhekane nezinkinga zokuphatha nezokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe uma zifuna ukufinyelela ezingeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isaziso sikhuthaza izinkampani ze-aluminiyamu ye-electrolytic ukuthi zikhuphule izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla angenawo amanzi avuselelekayo njengamandla omoya kanye nokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic, futhi zehlise izintengo zemihlomulo.
Iphuzu lesibili lingase libe nomthelela omkhulu ezinkampanini eziningi zamanje ze-aluminium, futhi umthelela oqondile ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zikagesi. "Kuyaqondakala ukuthi ngenxa yokulahlekelwa isikhathi eside kwamabhizinisi e-electrolytic aluminium eminyakeni embalwa edlule, amabhizinisi amaningi e-aluminium axoxisane nohulumeni wasekhaya, amagridi kagesi kanye nezimboni zamandla ukuze bathole amanani akhethekile kagesi. Ezinkampanini ezinezimboni zamandla ezizihlinzekela ngokwazo, inani elihambisanayo lokusetshenziswa kukagesi ozikhiqizayo selikhokhisiwe. Lezi zimali zikahulumeni kanye nezindleko ezengeziwe zizokhanselwa. ngokuzayo, futhi izindleko zokukhiqiza zamabhizinisi zizokhuphuka. ” Kusho uWang Xianwei.
UGu Fengda, inhloko yomnyango wezocwaningo kanye nokubonisana kwaGuoxin Futures, uthe imboni ye-aluminium yezwe lami ingaphansi kwengcindezi yokufeza umgomo wokufinyelela iziqongo zekhabhoni ngo-2025 ngaphambi kwesikhathi esibekiwe. Ngokombono wesakhiwo sokusetshenziswa kwamandla embonini ye-aluminium, amalahle angumthombo wamandla ohamba phambili wokuncibilikisa i-aluminium kanye nokucwengwa kwe-alumina e-China, abala u-85% wamandla okuncibilikisa i-aluminium kanye nama-87% wamandla okucwenga i-alumina. Uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla engahluziwe kusukela ezimayini kuye ekudilivweni lwenza ama-22% engqikithi yokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa e-aluminiyamu yokuqala, lapho amalahle enza ama-68% okunikezwa kwamandla okuhluza i-alumina. Ukukhiqizwa kwethani elilodwa le-aluminiyamu ye-electrolytic kuzokhiqiza isilinganiso samathani ayi-12 okukhishwa kwekhabhoni.
Ngokombono wokusetshenziswa kwamandla embonini ye-aluminium yomhlaba wonke, ukukhiqizwa kwe-aluminiyamu ye-electrolytic yaseShayina kubala cishe u-55% -60% womkhiqizo ophelele womhlaba wonke, futhi isithathe ngokuqinile isikhundla somkhiqizi nomthengi omkhulu we-electrolytic aluminium emhlabeni iminyaka eminingi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu kwemboni ye-aluminium Iphinde ithembele emalahleni nezinye izinsiza njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zokukhiqiza ugesi. Ngokombono wedatha, cishe u-70% wezinto ezikhishwayo ezivela ekukhiqizeni i-aluminium yomhlaba wonke zivela e-China. "Ngakho-ke, njengenjini ebalulekile yokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwe-aluminium emhlabeni jikelele, imboni ye-aluminium yaseChina izoba nomsebenzi onzima ekulungiseni isakhiwo samandla ngesikhathi soHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu. Ikakhulukazi, ukuhlolwa kwezindleko ze-European carbon trade tariffs kusondela kancane kancane, kubhekene nomnotho wezombusazwe oyinkimbinkimbi wamazwe ngamazwe. ziwumkhuba ovamile novivinyo olunzima ababhekana nalo.” Kusho uGu Fengda.
U-Wang Xianwei uveze ukuthi ngaphansi kokulawulwa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla okumbaxambili kanye nekhabhoni embaxambili, amabhizinisi e-electrolytic aluminium, okungenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu amandla, kufanele abhekane nokulungiswa kwesakhiwo samandla. Lesi saziso sihle kakhulu ekukhuthazeni imboni ukuthi iqhubeke nokukhulisa utshalomali ekuguqulweni kwezobuchwepheshe, iqhubeke nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Emabhizinisini, nakuba azobhekana nezindleko ezikhuphukayo esikhathini esifushane, esikhathini eside kuzosiza ukusheshisa uguquko nokuthuthukiswa kanye nokugqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa okunempilo kanye nesikhathi eside kwemboni.
Kuyaqondakala ukuthi ukuqaliswa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwenqubomgomo yokuhluka kwentengo kagesi embonini ye-aluminium ye-electrolytic kuzuze imiphumela, futhi inqubomgomo yentengo kagesi ehlanganisiwe iye yasetshenziswa kusukela ngo-2013. Ngokombono womphumela wokuqalisa, inqubomgomo yentengo kagesi ehlukanisiwe ibambe iqhaza elihle ekukhuthazeni imboni ye-electrolytic aluminium ukuxazulula umthamo oweqile, ukukhuthaza inqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe kuyo yonke imboni, ukuthuthukisa nokukhuphula izinga lemboni yonke, ukuthuthukisa nokuthuthuka kwemboni. lilonke izinga lokusebenza kahle kwamandla. Iqhutshwa ukusebenza kahle kwezinqubomgomo kanye nogqozi olungapheli lwamabhizinisi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla embonini ye-electrolytic aluminium kwehlile eminyakeni yamuva. Amandla okusebenzisa amandla e-AC aphelele ngethani ngalinye le-aluminium ne-aluminium yehle isuka ku-14,795 kWh ngo-2004 yaya ku-13,543 kWh ngo-2020, okuwukwehla okungaphezu kuka-1,200. Amahora we-Kilowatt.
Lokhu kubuyekezwa kwenqubomgomo kuvumelana nokuthuthukiswa kwangempela kwemboni, kucabangela ubudlelwano phakathi kokongiwa kwamandla ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla ekuguqulweni kokuvikelwa kwemvelo, futhi kuhlangabezana nezidingo zomgomo wekhabhoni embaxambili. UGu Fengda uthe ngemuva kweminyaka yokuhlanza nokulungiswa kwemboni ye-aluminiyamu ye-electrolytic, izinguquko zesakhiwo sokuhlinzeka zikhuthaze ukwakhiwa kwesilingi samandla okukhiqiza i-aluminium ye-electrolytic futhi yaxazulula inkinga enkulu yensalela edalwe ukunwetshwa ngendlela engafanele kwamandla okukhiqiza osekukhungethe imboni iminyaka eminingi. Kusukela lapho, ngokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokuvikelwa kwemvelo nobuchwepheshe Kudingeka ukukhuthaza ukuguqulwa nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezwe lami ye-electrolytic aluminium.
"Njengoba sibhekene nokuqhuma kwesidingo emkhakheni wamandla amasha nengqalasizinda entsha kanye nezidingo zokushintshwa kwamandla aluhlaza ngaphansi komgomo 'we-dual-carbon', ukukhula kokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo sezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi e-China kuzohluka esikhathini esizayo, futhi iningi lezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi zizobhekana nemikhawulo, ehlobene nokuguquguquka kwamandla aluhlaza. kukhuthaziwe.” UGu Fengda ukholelwa ukuthi imboni ye-aluminium, njengenkambu enekhabhoni ephezulu embonini yensimbi engeyona ayoni, ngokuqinisekile izosheshisa ijubane lokuguqulwa kwekhabhoni eluhlaza nephansi eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo. Ukulawula ngempumelelo umthamo wokukhiqiza, ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwamandla, ukusungula ubuchwepheshe bekhabhoni ephansi, kanye nokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-aluminium eyizinsalela kuyizindlela ezibalulekile zemboni ye-aluminium ukuze ifinyelele iziqongo zekhabhoni. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinyathelo ezigxile emakethe ezifana nezindlela zokuhweba ngekhabhoni kuzophinde kube nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni okuluhlaza, okunekhabhoni ephansi kanye nentuthuko esimeme yemboni ye-aluminium. Dlala indima ebalulekile. Ngezinyathelo eziningi ezithathwe ngesikhathi esisodwa, imboni ye-aluminium izongenisa umlando wenguquko kanye nenkathi yokuthuthukiswa "yokunciphisa ukungcola, ukulawulwa kwevolumu, nokuthuthukiswa okuqinisekisiwe kwentengo".
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-01-2021