Malinga ndi msonkhano wanthawi zonse wa atolankhani womwe udachitika ndi Unduna wa Zachilengedwe ndi Zachilengedwe posachedwa, kuyambira pa Julayi 23, kuchuluka kwa ndalama zoperekera mpweya mumsika wa kaboni padziko lonse lapansi kunali matani 4.833 miliyoni, ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zokwana pafupifupi yuan 250 miliyoni. Chiyambireni kukhazikitsidwa kwa malonda pa intaneti pamsika wapadziko lonse wa carbon, malonda a msika akhala akugwira ntchito, mitengo yamalonda yakwera pang'onopang'ono, ndipo ntchito za msika zakhala zokhazikika. Zimamveka kuti kugulitsa kaboni m'makampani osakhala achitsulo kwakopa chidwi kwambiri.
Posachedwapa, Mneneri wa Unduna wa Makampani ndi Information Technology ananena kuti ntchito ndi m'madipatimenti zoyenera kupanga ndondomeko kukhazikitsa kwa mpweya pachimake m'mafakitale ofunika monga zitsulo zosakhala ndi chitsulo, zomangira, zitsulo, petrochemicals, etc., kumveketsa njira kukhazikitsa mafakitale kuchepetsa mpweya, kulimbikitsa waukulu otsika mpweya teknoloji ndi luso, ndi kulimbikitsa Kuwonetsa mapulojekiti okhudza zitsulo zosiyanasiyana, ndi kuchepetsa mpweya chandamale. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti zitsulo zopanda chitsulo zayikidwa.
Munthu woyenerera amene amayang'anira bungwe la China Non-ferrous Metals Industry Association ananena kuti m'zaka zoyambirira za chaka chino, dziko langa lopanda zitsulo zachitsulo lakhala likukulirakulira kwachuma, kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, ndikupitirizabe kukula kwazitsulo zopanda chitsulo. Mu theka loyamba la chaka, kutulutsa kwazitsulo khumi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri m'dziko langa zinali matani 32.549 miliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa 11% chaka ndi chaka; ndalama zonse muzinthu zokhazikika zomwe zamalizidwa mu theka loyamba la chaka zidakwera ndi 15.7% pachaka. Non-ferrous zitsulo mafakitale mabizinezi pamwamba anasankha kukula (kuphatikizapo odziimira golide makampani) akwaniritsa okwana phindu la yuan biliyoni 163,97, chaka ndi chaka kuwonjezeka kwa 224,6%, kuwonjezeka kwa yuan biliyoni 35,66 kuchokera phindu anazindikira mu theka loyamba la 2017, chiwonjezeko avareji pa zaka 6.3% pa zaka zinayi.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mpweya wa carbon wa makampani osagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo umakhalanso wochuluka kwambiri. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mu 2020, makampani opanga zitsulo m'dziko langa adzatulutsa matani 660 miliyoni a carbon dioxide, zomwe zimapanga 4.7% ya mpweya wonse wa dziko. Mwa iwo, electrolytic zotayidwa kupanga amadya 502,2 biliyoni kilowatt-maola magetsi, mlandu 6,7% ya dziko okwana magetsi, ndi mpweya woipa ndi za 420 miliyoni matani. Choncho, kuchita kafukufuku wa kuchepetsa mpweya wa carbon pa kusungunula zitsulo zopanda chitsulo ndi kufufuza njira zenizeni zopangira mpweya wochepa wa carbon ndizofunika kwambiri kuchepetsa mpweya wa carbon m'dziko langa ndi kukwaniritsa zolinga zapawiri za carbon.
Mkulu wa bungwe la China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association ananena posachedwapa kuti madipatimenti aboma oyenerera aphunzira ndikupanga "Implementation Plan for Carbon Peak in the Nonferrous Metals Industry." Dongosololi likufuna kuyesetsa kukwaniritsa nsonga ya carbon pofika 2025. Dongosololi lili ndi zaka zosachepera zisanu patsogolo pa cholinga cha dziko lonse la carbon peak.
Wothandizira wofunikira kuti akwaniritse zolinga ziwiri za carbon
Zitsulo zopanda chitsulo zidzagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga, kusunga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zoyera.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, msika wamagalimoto wapadziko lonse lapansi wakula mwachangu, ndipo zotulutsa zapachaka zikuwonjezeka chaka ndi chaka, ndipo zidapitilira magalimoto 2 miliyoni. Ponena za kuchuluka kwa malonda, pafupifupi magalimoto amagetsi atsopano a 3.24 miliyoni adagulitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi mu 2020. Pakati pawo, msika wa ku Ulaya unali 43.06%, kusanja; msika waku China udatenga pafupifupi 41.27%, ndikuyika wachiwiri.
Monga tonse tikudziwa, mabatire a magalimoto atsopano amapangidwa makamaka ndi lithiamu iron phosphate ndi lithiamu nickel cobalt manganese oxide. Mabatire atsopano amphamvu adzayendetsa kukula kwanthawi yayitali kwa lithiamu, cobalt, faifi tambala ndi mitundu ina yachitsulo, ndipo adzakhala ndi mphamvu zomveka bwino kumakampani osakhala achitsulo. Malinga ndi kuwerengetsa, kutengera kuyerekeza kwa batire yapakati padziko lonse lapansi ya 53 kWh, kuchuluka kwa mkuwa ndi cobalt pagalimoto iliyonse yamagetsi ndi 84 kg ndi 8 kg motsatana. Kuwonjezeka kwa kufunikira kwa magalimoto amagetsi kumatanthauza kuti matani owonjezera a 4.08 miliyoni amkuwa adzafunika pofika 2030.
Kuwonjezera pa kuchepetsa mpweya wa mpweya mwa kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha magalimoto atsopano amagetsi, zitsulo zopanda chitsulo zidzakhalanso ndi ntchito zambiri pakupanga mphamvu zamagetsi zatsopano monga photovoltaics ndi mphamvu ya mphepo.
Zikumveka kuti mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi pano akupanga mwamphamvu mphamvu ya photovoltaic ndi mphepo. Makampani a chigawo, omwe ndi ofunikira pa "mphepo ndi kukongola", akuyembekezeka kubweretsa kuchuluka kwa zofunikira zowonjezera zamkuwa. Malinga ndi mawerengedwe oyenera a deta, pofika chaka cha 2030, makina atsopano a photovoltaic a China adzagwiritsa ntchito matani pafupifupi 500,000 amkuwa; ndipo makampani opanga mphamvu zamphepo akuyembekezeka kugwiritsa ntchito matani 610,000 amkuwa pofika 2030.
Pansi pa chiwopsezo cha mpweya wa carbon ndi kusalowerera ndale kwa carbon, ndalama zazikulu m'munda wamagetsi oyera mosakayikira zidzalimbikitsa kukula kwa nthawi yaitali kwa kufunikira kwa mkuwa, makamaka kuphulika kwakukulu kwa mphamvu zoyera kuchokera ku 2021 mpaka 2030, ndi chiyembekezo cha kufunikira kwa mkuwa ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu.
Kuumirira kutenga njira yobwezeretsanso zinthu
Ndondomeko ya Circular Economy Development Plan ya "14th-Year Five" inanena momveka bwino kuti kukulitsa chuma chozungulira mwamphamvu ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuteteza chuma cha dziko, kulimbikitsa kukwaniritsidwa kwa nsonga ya carbon ndi kusalowerera ndale, komanso kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha chilengedwe.
Dongosololi likufuna kuti pofika chaka cha 2025, dziko langa likhazikitse njira yamakampani yobwezeretsanso zinthu kuti ipititse patsogolo luso la kagwiritsidwe ntchito kazatsopano. Chiŵerengero cholowa m'malo cha zinthu zongowonjezedwanso kuzinthu zoyambira chidzawonjezedwanso, ndipo gawo la chuma chozungulira pothandizira chuma lidzawonekeranso. Pakati pawo, linanena bungwe zobwezerezedwanso zitsulo sanali achitsulo kufika matani 20 miliyoni.
Zikumveka kuti nthawi ya dziko langa "Mapulani a Zaka khumi ndi Zisanu" zakhala ndi zotsatira pa chitukuko cha chuma chozungulira. Mu 2020, kutulutsa zitsulo zosakhala ndi chitsulo zobwezerezedwanso kudzakhala matani 14.5 miliyoni, kuwerengera 23.5% yazinthu zonse zapakhomo zazitsulo 10 zopanda chitsulo. Pakati pawo, linanena bungwe mkuwa zobwezerezedwanso, zotayidwa zotayidwa ndi zobwezerezedwanso kutsogolo adzakhala 325. 10,000 matani, 7.4 matani miliyoni, 2.4 matani miliyoni. Kubwezeretsanso chuma kwakhala njira yofunika kwambiri yotetezera chuma cha dziko lathu.
Munthawi ya "14th Year Plan of Five-Year", poyang'anizana ndi mkhalidwe watsopano wa kukwera kwa kaboni komanso kusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni, pakufunika kufunikira kolimbikitsa chuma chozungulira, kukonza bwino kagwiritsidwe ntchito kazinthu komanso kuchuluka kwa ntchito zongowonjezwdwa, ndipo pali malo akulu.
Pakali pano, chitukuko cha dziko langa zozungulira chuma akadali akukumana ndi mavuto monga otsika mlingo wa standardized recyclable za chuma zongowonjezwdwa m'mafakitale kiyi, kusowa kwa chitetezo nthaka kwa zobwezeretsanso malo, ndi vuto la ntchito otsika mtengo recyclables. Kubwezeretsanso zitsulo zambiri zopanda chitsulo monga mkuwa, aluminiyamu, ndi lead zimayang'anabe pakubwezeretsanso kotsika. Kulondola ndi kuzama kwa kusanja zitsulo sikukwanira, ndipo mtundu ndi mtengo wobwezeretsanso sizingakwaniritse zofunikira zamakampani omwe akubwera. Ndikofunikira kukweza mphamvu zobwezeretsanso .
Mu sitepe yotsatira, madipatimenti aboma oyenerera adzagwirizana ndi mabungwe ofufuza zasayansi ndi mabizinesi kuti achite maubwenzi ofunikira pagulu pazinthu zazikulu ndikuwongolera kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zitsulo zosagwiritsanso ntchito zitsulo. Pofika chaka cha 2025, njira zopangira zozungulira zidzakhazikitsidwa, mapangidwe obiriwira ndi kupanga zoyera zidzalimbikitsidwa kwambiri, mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito zidziwitso zidzawongoleredwa, ndipo njira yamakampani yobwezeretsanso zinthu idzakhazikitsidwa; linanena bungwe la zobwezerezedwanso zitsulo sanali ferrous adzafika matani 20 miliyoni, kuphatikizapo mkuwa zobwezerezedwanso, zotayidwa zotayidwa ndi zobwezerezedwanso lead. Zotsatira zake zidafika matani 4 miliyoni, matani 11.5 miliyoni, ndi matani 2.9 miliyoni motsatana, ndipo phindu lamakampani obwezeretsanso zinthu zidafika 5 thililiyoni yuan.
Limbikitsani kusintha kobiriwira kwamakampaniwo ndikukweza
Makampani opanga zitsulo zopanda ferrous amathandiza mafakitale ena kukwaniritsa zolinga za carbon-carbon. Choyamba, iyenera kukwaniritsa zolinga za kaboni wapawiri palokha, ndikuwunika momwe angachulukitsire zokolola zoyera popanga, ndikukwaniritsa kuchepetsa kutulutsa ndikusintha mphamvu.
Mu sitepe yotsatira, makampani osakhala achitsulo ayenera kulimbikitsa mwamphamvu kusakanikirana kwa mafakitale ndi mafakitale, kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kupanga mwanzeru ndi "Internet +", ndi kutengera njira za sayansi ndi zamakono zochepetsera mpweya wa carbon ndi kuonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya; m'malo ofunikira, kupanga makina oyendetsa ndege ndi mafakitale owonetsera opanga mwanzeru ayenera kuchitidwa. Kupititsa patsogolo luso lanzeru mu R&D, kupanga ndi ntchito, sinthani kukhazikika kwa magwiridwe antchito ndi kusasinthika kwazinthu; limbikitsani luso lazamalonda ndi luso lachitsanzo, kulimbikitsa kuphatikizika kwa "Internet +" ndi njira yonse yopangira ndikugwira ntchito, ndikulimbikitsa makonda anu ndikupanga zosinthika. Kukwaniritsa zosowa zosiyanasiyana komanso zamagawo angapo.
Kuphatikiza apo, makampani osakhala achitsulo ayenera kupitiliza kupanga chuma chozungulira komanso kulimbikitsa chitukuko chobiriwira. Madipatimenti aboma oyenera ndi mabungwe amakampani akuyenera kusankha gulu lazopambana zaukadaulo, kuzilimbikitsa kumakampani onse, ndikuwonjezera zoyesayesa zawo zakusintha. Mwachitsanzo, kulimbikitsa kulimbikitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje akuluakulu opulumutsa mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu m'munda wosungunula, ndikukonzekera akatswiri kuti athetse kuchepetsa sulfide ndi nitrogen oxides. Kafukufuku waukadaulo ndi kukwezedwa kwa ngalande ndi matekinoloje ena, kuthandizira kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndi mafakitale aukadaulo wogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri aluminiyamu ntchentche, mwamphamvu kukhala ndi kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa, m'malo mwapoizoni komanso wowopsa, zotsalira zotsalira zotsalira ndi zida zina zobiriwira ndi zida; kuwunikiranso machitidwe amakampani ndi momwe amapezekera, Limbikitsani ndi kutsogolera kusintha ndi kukweza kwamakampani kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zaukadaulo wamafakitale pazaka zatsopano, kukweza ukadaulo, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, komanso kuteteza chilengedwe, ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko chobiriwira chamakampani.
Poyang'anizana ndi mwayi watsopano wamsika ndi zovuta, makampani osakhala achitsulo ayenera kudzikhazikitsira okha, kusintha mwakhama njira zawo zachitukuko, kupanga magulu atsopano a mafakitale, kupanga zinthu zatsopano zatsopano, kukulitsa ndi kulimbikitsa unyolo wa mafakitale, ndi kuyesetsa kupanga makampani omwe "amapanga bwino kwambiri pamsika, koma amakula popanda kanthu" . Mwachitsanzo, Qinghai Xiyu Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd. imagwiritsa ntchito ntchito yobwezeretsanso matope a anode kuti ipezenso zitsulo zamtengo wapatali monga golide ndi siliva mumatope a anode. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, imagwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe ilipo kuti isungunuke kuti igwirizane ndi zinyalala zowopsa zomwe zimakhala ndi lead monga magalasi okhala ndi lead kuti zitheke Kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino zinthu.
Pankhani ya dziko langa Kukwezeleza amphamvu a carbon peaking ndi kusalowerera ndale mpweya, sanali ferrous zitsulo makampani sangathe kuchepetsa mpweya wake kudzera kukulitsa luso, komanso kuthandiza mafakitale ena kukwaniritsa ndale carbon posachedwapa. Kuchokera kuzitsulo zopanda chitsulo kupita ku mphamvu zobiriwira, payenera kukhala zambiri zoti muchite.
Gwero lothandizira: Internet
Chodzikanira: Zomwe zili m'nkhaniyi ndizongogwiritsa ntchito, osati ngati lingaliro lachindunji lopanga zisankho. Ngati mukuphwanya ufulu wanu walamulo mosazindikira, chonde lemberani ndikuthana nazo munthawi yake.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-19-2021