Zvinoenderana nemusangano wevatori venhau wenguva dzose wakaitwa neBazi reEcology uye Zvemamiriro ekunze nguva pfupi yadarika, kubva muna Chikunguru 23, huwandu hwese hwekutengesa vhoriyamu yekubvisa kabhoni mumusika wenyika kabhoni hwaive matani 4.833 miriyoni, nehuwandu hwekutengesa hunosvika 250 miriyoni yuan. Kubva pakatangwa kutengeserana pamhepo pamusika wenyika kabhoni, kutengeserana kwemusika kwave kushanda, mitengo yekutengeserana yakakwira zvakatsiga, uye mashandiro emusika akagadzikana. Zvinonzwisiswa kuti kutengeserana kabhoni mune isiri-ferrous simbi indasitiri yakakwezva kutarisisa.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, mutauriri weBazi reMaindasitiri neRuzivo rweTekinoroji akataura kuti ichashanda nemapazi akakodzera kugadzira hurongwa hwekugadzirisa kabhoni mumaindasitiri akakosha senge asiri-ferrous simbi, zvivakwa zvekuvakisa, simbi, petrochemicals, nezvimwewo, kujekesa nzira yekushandisa yekudzikisa indasitiri kabhoni, kusimudzira hukuru hwekabhoni tekinoroji uye tekinoroji, uye kusimudzira mapurojekiti ekuratidzira, uye kukonzeresa kwakasiyana kabhoni. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti simbi dzisina ferrous dzakaiswa panzvimbo.
Munhu akakodzera anoona nezveChina Non-ferrous Metals Industry Association akataura kuti muhafu yekutanga yegore rino, indasitiri yesimbi isina ferrous yenyika yangu yakaona kusimukira kwehupfumi hwakasimba, kuvandudzwa kwemhando yekushanda, uye kuenderera mberi kwakasimba mukugadzirwa kwesimbi isina ferrous. Muchikamu chekutanga chegore, kubuda kwesimbi gumi dzinowanzoshandiswa dzisiri dzesimbi munyika yangu dzaive mamiriyoni 32.549 matani, kuwedzera kwe11% gore negore; iyo yakazara mari muzvinhu zvakagadziriswa zvakapedzwa muhafu yekutanga yegore yakawedzera ne15,7% gore negore. Non-ferrous metal maindasitiri emabhizimisi pamusoro pehukuru hwakatarwa (kusanganisira makambani egoridhe akazvimirira) akawana purofiti yakazara ye163.97 bhiriyoni yeyuan, gore negore kuwedzera kwe224,6%, kuwedzera kwe35.66 bhiriyoni yuan kubva kune purofiti yakaonekwa muhafu yekutanga ya2017, avhareji yekuwedzera kwe6.3% mumakore mana.
Panguva imwecheteyo, kuburitsa kabhoni kweiyo isiri-ferrous simbi indasitiri zvakare yakakura kwazvo. Sekureva kwehuwandu, muna 2020, indasitiri yesimbi isina-ferrous yenyika yangu ichaburitsa 660 miriyoni matani ecarbon dioxide, inoverengera 4.7% yehuwandu hwekuburitswa kwenyika. Pakati pavo, electrolytic aluminium kugadzirwa inoshandisa 502.2 bhiriyoni kilowatt-maawa emagetsi, inoverengera 6.7% yehuwandu hwemagetsi ekushandiswa kwenyika, uye carbon dioxide emissions inenge mamiriyoni mazana mana nemakumi maviri ematani. Naizvozvo, kuita tsvakiridzo yekuderedza kuburitsa kabhoni mukunyungudusa simbi isina-ferrous uye kuongorora matanho chaiwo ekuvandudza kabhoni kwakakosha kudzikisa kuburitsa kabhoni yenyika yangu uye kuzadzisa chinangwa chekabhoni mbiri.
Mukuru weChina Nonferrous Metals Industry Association akataura nguva pfupi yadarika kuti madhipatimendi ehurumende akakodzera akadzidza nekugadzira "Implementation Plan yeCarbon Peak muNonferrous Metals Industry." Urongwa uhwu hunoronga kuedza kuzadzisa carbon peak panosvika 2025. Chirongwa ichi chinenge chiri makore mashanu pamberi pechinangwa chenyika che carbon peak.
Yakakosha kusimudzira yekuzadzisa iyo yakapetwa kabhoni chinangwa
Masimbi asina-ferrous achaita basa rinokosha mukugadzira, kuchengetedza uye kushandiswa kwesimba rakachena.
Mumakore achangopfuura, indasitiri yemotokari yemagetsi yepasi rose yakasimukira nekukurumidza, nekubuda kwegore negore kuri kuwedzera gore negore, uye yadarika mamirioni maviri emotokari. Maererano nehuwandu hwekutengesa, inenge mamiriyoni 3.24 emagetsi emagetsi matsva akatengeswa pasi rose muna 2020. Pakati pavo, misika yeEurope yakaverengera 43.06%, chinzvimbo; musika weChinese wakaverengera nezve 41.27%, chinzvimbo chechipiri.
Sezvo isu tese tinoziva, mabhatiri emagetsi matsva emagetsi anonyanya kuumbwa ne lithium iron phosphate uye lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide. Mabhatiri emagetsi matsva anotyaira kukura kwenguva refu mukudiwa kwelithium, cobalt, nickel uye mamwe marudzi esimbi, uye ichave nekuwedzera kwakajeka kune isiri-ferrous simbi indasitiri. Zvinoenderana nekuverenga, zvichienderana nefungidziro yeavhareji yebhatiri yepasi rose ye53 kWh, avhareji yemhangura uye cobalt kushandiswa kwemotokari yega yega yemagetsi i84 kg uye 8 kg zvakateerana. Kuwedzera kwekudiwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi kunoreva kuti imwezve 4.08 miriyoni matani emhangura ichadiwa panosvika 2030.
Pamusoro pekudzikisa kuburitswa nekusimudzira kusimudzira kweindasitiri yemotokari yemagetsi, simbi dzisina-ferrous dzichavawo nezvakawanda zvekuita mukugadzira magetsi ezvitubu zvesimba zvitsva senge photovoltaics uye simba remhepo.
Zvinonzwisiswa kuti nyika dzakawanda pasi rose dziri kusimudzira nesimba photovoltaic uye simba remhepo. Indasitiri yechikamu, iyo inofanirwa ku "mhepo uye runako", inotarisirwa kuunza huwandu hwakawanda hwekuwedzera kudiwa kwemhangura. Zvinoenderana neakakodzera data kuverenga, panosvika 2030, China nyowani photovoltaic kumisikidzwa ichashandisa ingangoita 500,000 matani emhangura; uye indasitiri yemagetsi emhepo inotarisirwa kushandisa 610,000 matani emhangura panosvika 2030.
Pasi pemamiriro ekunze kwekabhoni peak uye kusarerekera kwekabhoni, hukuru hwekudyara mumunda wesimba rakachena pasina mubvunzo huchasimudzira kukura kwenguva refu kwekudiwa kwemhangura, kunyanya kuputika kwekuwedzera musimba rakachena kubva muna 2021 kusvika 2030, uye tarisiro yekudiwa kwemhangura ine tarisiro huru.
Shingairira kutora mugwagwa wezvekushandisa zvakare
Iyo "14th-Makore Mashanu" Circular Economy Development Plan yakataura zvakajeka kuti kusimudzira hupfumi hwakatenderedza kwakakosha zvikuru kuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvenyika, kusimudzira kuzadzikiswa kwekabhoni peak uye kusarerekera kwekabhoni, uye kusimudzira kuvakwa kwebudiriro yezvakatipoteredza.
Hurongwa uhu hunoti panosvika gore ra2025, nyika yangu ichagadzira indasitiri yekudzokorodza zviwanikwa zvekuvandudza zvakanyanya mashandiro ekushandisazve zviwanikwa. Huwandu hwekutsiviwa kwezviwanikwa zvekutanga zviwanikwa zvichawedzerwa zvakare, uye basa rehupfumi hwedenderedzwa mukutsigira zviwanikwa richasimbiswa zvakare. Pakati pavo, kubuda kwesimbi dzakadzokororwa dzisina-ferrous dzichasvika mamiriyoni makumi maviri ematani.
Zvinonzwisiswa kuti nguva yenyika yangu "Yegumi nenhatu-Makore mashanu-Chirongwa" yakabudirira mukusimudzira hupfumi hwedenderedzwa. Muna 2020, kubuda kwesimbi dzakadzokororwa dzisiri ferrous zvichave matani 14.5 miriyoni, zvichitora 23.5% yezvese zvemukati zvakabuda zvegumi zvisiri zveferrous simbi. Pakati pavo, kubuda kwemhangura yakagadziriswa, aruminiyamu yakagadziridzwa uye yakashandiswazve mutobvu ichava 325. 10,000 matani, mamiriyoni 7.4 matani, mamiriyoni 2.4. Kudzokorodza zviwanikwa yave nzira yakakosha yekuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvenyika yedu.
Munguva ye "14th Five-Year Plan" nguva, yakatarisana nemamiriro matsva ekukwira kwekabhoni uye kusarerekera kabhoni, pane kudikanwa kwekukurumidzira kusimudzira hupfumi hwedenderedzwa, kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwekushandisa zviwanikwa uye nhanho yekushandiswazve zviwanikwa, uye kune nzvimbo hombe.
Parizvino, kusimukira kwehupfumi hwenyika yangu huchiri kutarisana nematambudziko akadai sekuderera kwehuwandu hwekugadziriswazve kwezviwanikwa zvinogoneka mumaindasitiri akakosha, kushaikwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo yezvivakwa zvekudzokorodza, uye kuoma kwekushandisa yakaderera-yakakosha recyclable. Iko kudzokororwa kweakawanda asiri-ferrous masimbi akadai semhangura, aruminiyamu, uye lead ichiri yakanangana neiyo yakaderera-yekupedzisira kudzokorora. Kurongeka nekudzika kwesimbi hakuna kukwana, uye kunaka uye mutengo wekudzokorodza hazvigone kusangana nezvinodiwa zvakakosha zvemaindasitiri ari kusimukira. Zviri kukurumidza kuvandudza simba rekudzokorora zvakare.
Mudanho rinotevera, madhipatimendi ehurumende akakodzera achashanda pamwe nemasangano ekutsvagisa kwesainzi uye mabhizinesi kuita hukama hwakakosha neveruzhinji pazvinhu zvakakosha uye kuvandudza zvakanyanya mashandisirwo ekushandisa kwesimbi dzisina ferrous. Pakazosvika 2025, nzira dzekugadzira denderedzwa dzichaitwa, dhizaini yakasvibira uye kugadzirwa kwakachena kuchasimudzirwa zvakanyanya, huwandu hwekushandisa zviwanikwa huchavandudzwa, uye hurongwa hweindasitiri hwekudzokorodza zviwanikwa huchasimbiswa; kubuda kwesimbi dzakadzokororwa dzisiri ferrous kuchasvika matani mamiriyoni makumi maviri, kusanganisira mhangura yakadzokororwa, aruminiyamu yakadzokororwa uye yakadzokororwa mutobvu. Zvakabuda zvakasvika 4 miriyoni matani, 11.5 miriyoni matani, uye 2.9 miriyoni matani zvichiteerana, uye kukosha kwekubuda kweindasitiri yekudzokorodza zviwanikwa kwakasvika 5 trillion yuan.
Kurumidza iyo indasitiri yega shanduko yakasvibira uye kusimudzira
Iyo isiri-ferrous simbi indasitiri inobatsira mamwe maindasitiri kuti azadzise zvinangwa zviviri-kabhoni. Chekutanga pane zvese, inofanirwa kuzadzisa zvinangwa zviviri-kabhoni pachayo, uye kuongorora maitiro ekuwedzera akachena kugadzirwa mukugadzira, uye kuwana kuderedzwa kwekuburitsa uye shanduko yesimba.
Muchinhanho chinotevera, makambani asina ferrous esimbi anofanirwa kukurudzira zvakasimba kubatanidzwa kwemaindasitiri uye maindasitiri, kukurudzira kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira uye "Internet +", uye kutora nzira dzesainzi uye tekinoroji kuderedza kuburitsa kabhoni uye kuwedzera kabhoni kushandiswa; munzvimbo dzakakosha, kugadzirwa kwedhijitari uye mafekitori ekuratidzira akangwara anofanirwa kuitwa. Kuvandudza mwero wehungwaru muR&D, kugadzira uye sevhisi, kunatsiridza kuita kwechigadzirwa kugadzikana uye kuenderana kwemhando; kukurudzira kuvandudza bhizinesi uye modhi innovation, kusimudzira kubatanidzwa kwe "Internet +" nemaitiro ese ekugadzira nekushanda, uye kusimudzira yakasarudzika yakasarudzika uye inoshanduka kugadzira. Sangana neakasiyana uye akawanda-level zvinodiwa.
Mukuwedzera, makambani asina-ferrous esimbi anofanirwa kuramba achivandudza hupfumi hwedenderedzwa uye kukurudzira kukura kwegirinhi. Madhipatimendi ehurumende akakodzera uye masangano emaindasitiri anofanirwa kusarudza batch yezvakabudirira zvetekinoroji, kuzvisimudzira kuindasitiri yese, uye kuwedzera kuedza kwavo kushandura. Semuyenzaniso, kurudzira kusimudzirwa nekushandiswa kwesimba guru rekuchengetedza uye kushandisa-kuderedza tekinoroji mumunda wekunyungudutsa, uye kuronga nyanzvi kuti dziite kuderedzwa kwe sulfide uye nitrogen oxide. Tsvagiridzo yehunyanzvi nekusimudzirwa kwemvura uye mamwe matekinoroji, kutsigira kutsvagisa uye kusimudzira uye indasitiri yemhando yepamusoro-aluminium nhunzi madota akazara ekushandisa tekinoroji, kuvandudza zvine simba kuderedza kusvibiswa, chepfu uye ine ngozi mbishi kutsiva, tsvina yakasara kudzokorodza uye imwe girinhi tekinoroji nemidziyo; dzokorora maitiro eindasitiri uye mamiriro ekuwana, Kurudzira uye kutungamira shanduko nekusimudzira indasitiri kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu matsva, kusimudza chikumbaridzo chehunyanzvi, kushandiswa kwesimba, uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kukurudzira kukura kwegirinhi yeindasitiri.
Takatarisana nemikana mitsva yemusika nematambudziko, makambani asina ferrous esimbi anofanirwa kuzvigadzika ega, achishingairira kushandura nzira dzekusimudzira, kugadzira zvikwata zvitsva zveindasitiri, kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro, kudzamisa nekusimbisa cheni yemaindasitiri, uye kuedza kugadzira indasitiri iyo "inoita zvakanakisa mumusika, asi inokura kubva pasina" . Semuyenzaniso, Qinghai Xiyu Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd. inoshandisa yakazara anode slime recycling chirongwa kudzoreredza simbi dzakakosha segoridhe nesirivha muanode slime. Panguva imwecheteyo, inoshandisa iyo iripo lead smelting system kubatanidza kutungamirira-ine tsvina ine ngozi yakadai segirazi ine mutobvu kuti ibudirire Kuti iwedzere kushandiswa kwezvinhu.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekusimudzira kwakasimba kwenyika yangu kwekabhoni peaking uye kusarerekera kwekabhoni, iyo isiri-ferrous simbi indasitiri haingogone kudzikisa iyo pachayo kuburitsa kuburikidza nekuvandudza tekinoroji, asi zvakare kubatsira mamwe maindasitiri kuwana kusarerekera kabhoni nekukurumidza. Kubva pane simbi dzisina-ferrous kusvika kune simba rakasvibirira, panofanira kuva nezvakawanda zvekuita.
Reference source: Internet
Disclaimer: Ruzivo rwuri muchinyorwa chino nderwekureva chete, kwete sezano rakananga rekuita sarudzo. Kana iwe ukatyora kodzero dzako dzemutemo usingazivi, tapota taura uye gadzirisa nenguva.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-19-2021