Ngokwesithangami sabezindaba esivamile esibanjwe uMnyango Wezemvelo Nezemvelo muva nje, kusukela ngomhlaka-23 Julayi, inani eliphelele lokuthengiselana lezibonelelo zokukhishwa kwekhabhoni emakethe kazwelonke yekhabhoni lalingamathani ayizigidi ezi-4.833, nenani eliphelele lokuthengiselana cishe lama-yuan ayizigidi ezingama-250. Kusukela kwethulwa ukuhweba nge-inthanethi emakethe yekhabhoni kazwelonke, ukuthengiselana kwemakethe bekulokhu kusebenza, amanani entengo akhuphuka kancane, futhi ukusebenza kwezimakethe kuzinzile. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi ukuhweba nge-carbon embonini yensimbi engeyona i-ferrous kudonse ukunaka okukhulu.
Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, umkhulumeli woMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi uthe uzosebenzisana neminyango ethintekayo ukwenza izinhlelo zokuqalisa ukusebenza kwekhabhoni ezimbonini ezibalulekile ezifana nezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi, izinto zokwakha, insimbi, amakhemikhali ephethiloli, njll. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi izinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi zibekwe endaweni yazo.
Umuntu othintekayo ophethe i-China Non-ferrous Metals Industry Association uthe engxenyeni yokuqala yalo nyaka, imboni yensimbi enganayo insimbi yezwe lami ibone ukukhula komnotho okuqinile, izinga lokusebenza elithuthukisiwe, nokuqhubeka nokukhula okuqhubekayo ekukhiqizeni insimbi engeyona insimbi. Engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka, ukukhiqizwa kwezinsimbi eziyishumi ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezingezona ayoni ezweni lami kwaba amathani ayizigidi ezingu-32.549, okuwukunyuka ngo-11% unyaka nonyaka; isamba sokutshalwa kwezimali ezimpahleni ezingashintshi esiqedwe engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka sikhuphuke ngo-15.7% unyaka nonyaka. Amabhizinisi ezimboni zensimbi ezingenayo eyoni ngaphezu kobukhulu obunqunyiwe (kuhlanganise nezinkampani zegolide ezizimele) azuze inzuzo ephelele yamayuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-163.97, ukwanda konyaka ngo-224.6%, okuwukunyuka kwama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-35.66 kusukela enzuzweni etholwe engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2017, okuwukukhula okujwayelekile kweminyaka emine ngo-6.3%.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni embonini yensimbi engeyona i-ferrous nakho kukhulu kakhulu. Ngokwezibalo, ngonyaka wezi-2020, imboni yensimbi enganayo insimbi yezwe lami izokhipha amathani ayizigidi ezingama-660 e-carbon dioxide, okuhlanganisa u-4.7% wengqikithi yokuphuma kwezwe. Phakathi kwazo, ukukhiqizwa kwe-aluminium ye-electrolytic kudla i-502.2 billion kilowatt-hora kagesi, okuhlanganisa u-6.7% wengqikithi yokusetshenziswa kukagesi wezwe, kanye nokukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingu-420. Ngakho-ke, ukwenza ucwaningo ngokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ekuncibilikisweni kwensimbi engeyona insimbi kanye nokuhlola izindlela ezithile zokuthuthukiswa kwekhabhoni ephansi kubaluleke kakhulu ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni yezwe lami kanye nokufeza umgomo wekhabhoni ombaxambili.
Inhloko ye-China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association muva nje ithe iminyango yezwe efanele iye yafunda futhi yakha “Uhlelo Lokusebenza Lwe-Carbon Peak Emkhakheni Wezinsimbi Ezingenamvubelo.” Lolu hlelo luhlongoza ukulwela ukuzuza isiqongo sekhabhoni ngo-2025. Lolu hlelo okungenani luneminyaka emi-5 ngaphambi kokuhlosiwe kwenani eliphakeme lekhabhoni likazwelonke.
Umgqugquzeli obalulekile wokufeza umgomo wekhabhoni ephindwe kabili
Izinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi zizodlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni, ekugcinweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwamandla ahlanzekile.
Eminyakeni yakamuva, imboni yezimoto zamandla amasha emhlabeni wonke ithuthuke ngokushesha, okuphuma minyaka yonke kwanda unyaka nonyaka, futhi isidlule izimoto eziyizigidi ezi-2. Ngokwevolumu yokuthengisa, cishe izigidi ezingu-3.24 zezimoto ezintsha zamandla zathengiswa emhlabeni wonke ngo-2020. Phakathi kwazo, imakethe yaseYurophu ibalwa ku-43.06%, isezingeni; imakethe yaseShayina ithathe cishe u-41.27%, ikleliswe endaweni yesibili.
Njengoba sonke sazi, amabhethri ezimoto zamandla amasha akhiwa ikakhulukazi i-lithium iron phosphate ne-lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide. Amabhethri anamandla amasha azoqhuba ukukhula kwesikhathi eside kwesidingo se-lithium, i-cobalt, i-nickel nezinye izinhlobo zensimbi, futhi azoba nomfutho ocacile embonini yensimbi engeyona insimbi. Ngokwezibalo, ngokusekelwe esilinganisweni sesilinganiso somthamo webhethri womhlaba wonke esingu-53 kWh, ukusetshenziswa kwekhopha ne-cobalt kwemoto ngayinye kagesi kungu-84 kg no-8 kg ngokulandelanayo. Ukwanda kwesidingo sezimoto zikagesi kusho ukuthi kuzodingeka amathani ethusi engeziwe angu-4.08 million ngo-2030.
Ngaphezu kokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezinto ezikhishwayo ngokuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezimoto zamandla amasha, izinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi zizophinde zibe nokuningi okumelwe zenziwe ekukhiqizeni amandla emithombo yamandla emisha efana ne-photovoltaics namandla omoya.
Kuyaqondakala ukuthi amazwe amaningi emhlabeni okwamanje athuthukisa ngamandla amandla e-photovoltaic kanye namandla omoya. Imboni yezingxenye, edingekayo "kumoya nobuhle", kulindeleke ukuthi ilethe inani elikhulu lesidingo esengeziwe sethusi. Ngokwezibalo ezifanele zedatha, ngo-2030, ukufakwa okusha kwe-photovoltaic yaseChina kuzosebenzisa amathani angaba ngu-500,000 wethusi; futhi imboni yamandla omoya kulindeleke ukuthi isebenzise amathani ethusi angama-610,000 ngo-2030.
Ngaphansi kwesizinda se-carbon peak nokungathathi hlangothi kwe-carbon, ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu emkhakheni wamandla ahlanzekile ngokungangabazeki kuzokhuthaza ukukhula kwesikhathi eside kwesidingo sethusi, ikakhulukazi ukunwetshwa kwesikali esiqhumayo endaweni yamandla ahlanzekile kusukela ngo-2021 kuya ku-2030, futhi ithemba lokufunwa kwethusi linethemba elikhulu.
Phikelela ekuthatheni umgwaqo wokugaywa kabusha kwezinsiza
Uhlelo Lokuthuthukiswa Komnotho Lweminyaka Eyi-14 “lweminyaka emihlanu” lwasho ngokucacile ukuthi ukuthuthukisa umnotho oyindilinga ngamandla kubaluleke kakhulu ekuvikeleni izinsiza zezwe, ukugqugquzela ukufezeka kwenani eliphakeme lekhabhoni kanye nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, kanye nokugqugquzela ukwakhiwa kwempucuko yemvelo.
Lolu hlelo luphakamisa ukuthi ngonyaka wezi-2025, izwe lami lisungule uhlelo lwemboni yokugaywa kabusha kwezinsiza ukwenza ngcono kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwemithombo evuselelekayo. Isilinganiso sokushintshwa kwezinsiza ezivuselelekayo kuya kwezinsiza ezibalulekile sizokwandiswa futhi, futhi indima yomnotho oyindilinga ekusekeleni izinsiza izophinde igqanyiswe. Phakathi kwazo, ukukhiqizwa kwezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi ezigaywe kabusha kuzofinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingama-20.
Kuyaqondakala ukuthi isikhathi sezwe lami “Iminyaka Eyishumi Nantathu Yeminyaka Emihlanu” sibe nemiphumela ekuthuthukisweni komnotho oyindilinga. Ngo-2020, ukukhiqizwa kwezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi ezigaywe kabusha kuzoba amathani ayizigidi eziyi-14.5, okubalelwa ku-23.5% wesamba somkhiqizo wasekhaya wezinsimbi eziyi-10 ezingenayo insimbi. Phakathi kwazo, okukhipha ithusi recycled, aluminium kabusha futhi recycled lead kuyoba 325. 10,000 amathani, 7.4 million amathani, 2.4 million tons. Ukugaywa kabusha kwezinsiza sekuyindlela ebalulekile yokuvikela izinsiza zezwe lethu.
Phakathi nesikhathi "soHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu" lwe-14, sibhekene nesimo esisha sokunyuka kwekhabhoni kanye nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuthuthukisa umnotho oyindilinga, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza kanye nezinga lokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ezivuselelekayo, futhi kunesikhala esikhulu.
Njengamanje, ukuthuthukiswa komnotho oyindilinga wezwe lami kusabhekene nezinkinga ezifana nezinga eliphansi lokugaywa kabusha okujwayelekile kwezinsiza ezivuselelekayo ezimbonini ezibalulekile, ukuntuleka kokuvikeleka komhlaba wezindawo zokugaywa kabusha, kanye nobunzima bokusebenzisa izinto ezingase zisetshenziswe kabusha. Ukugaywa kabusha kwenqwaba yezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi njengethusi, i-aluminium, nomthofu kusagxile ekugayweni kabusha kwezinga eliphansi. Ukunemba nokujula kokuhlunga kwensimbi akwanele, futhi ikhwalithi nezindleko zokugaywa kabusha azikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezibalulekile zezimboni ezisafufusa. Kuyaphuthuma ukuthuthukisa umthamo wokugaywa kabusha .
Esinyathelweni esilandelayo, iminyango yombuso efanele izosebenzisana nezikhungo zocwaningo lwesayensi kanye namabhizinisi ukwenza ubudlelwano bomphakathi obubalulekile ezindabeni ezibalulekile futhi ithuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi ezigaywe kabusha. Ngo-2025, izindlela zokukhiqiza eziyindilinga zizosetshenziswa, idizayini eluhlaza kanye nokukhiqizwa okuhlanzekile kuzothuthukiswa kabanzi, umthamo ophelele wokusebenzisa izinsiza uzothuthukiswa, futhi uhlelo lwemboni yokugaywa kabusha kwezinsiza luzosungulwa; ukukhishwa kwezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi ezigaywe kabusha kuzofinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-20, kuhlanganise nethusi eligaywe kabusha, i-aluminium egaywe kabusha kanye nomthofu ogaywe kabusha. Umphumela ufinyelele kumathani ayizigidi ezi-4, amathani ayizigidi eziyi-11.5, namathani ayizigidi ezi-2.9 ngokulandelana, futhi inani lomkhiqizo wemboni yokugaywa kabusha kwezinsiza lifinyelele ku-5 trillion yuan.
Sheshisa uguquko nokuthuthukiswa kohlaza kwemboni
Imboni yensimbi engeyona insimbi isiza ezinye izimboni ukufeza izinhloso zekhabhoni ekabili. Okokuqala nje, kufanele ifinyelele izinjongo zekhabhoni embaxambili iyodwa, futhi ihlole ukuthi ingakhuphula kanjani umkhiqizo ohlanzekile enqubweni yokukhiqiza, futhi izuze ukuncishiswa kokungcola kanye nokuguqulwa kwamandla.
Esinyathelweni esilandelayo, izinkampani zensimbi ezingenayo insimbi kufanele zikhuthaze ngamandla ukuhlanganiswa kwezimboni kanye nezimboni, zikhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kokukhiqiza okuhlakaniphile kanye "ne-inthanethi +", futhi zamukele izindlela zesayensi nezobuchwepheshe zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni nokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwekhabhoni; ezindaweni ezibalulekile, ukukhiqizwa kwedijithali kokuhlola kanye nezimboni zokubonisa ukukhiqiza okuhlakaniphile kufanele kwenziwe. Thuthukisa izinga lobuhlakani ku-R&D, ukukhiqizwa kanye nesevisi, thuthukisa ukuqina kokusebenza komkhiqizo nokuvumelana kwekhwalithi; khuthaza ukusungulwa kwebhizinisi kanye nokuqanjwa kabusha kwemodeli, ukukhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa "kwe-inthanethi +" nayo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza nokusebenza, futhi kukhuthaze ukwenziwa komuntu siqu kanye nokukhiqiza okuvumelana nezimo. Hlangana nezidingo ezihlukene nezinamazinga amaningi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani zensimbi ezingenayo insimbi kufanele ziqhubeke nokuthuthukisa umnotho oyindilinga futhi zikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kohlaza. Iminyango kahulumeni efanele kanye nezinhlangano zezimboni kufanele zikhethe iqoqo lezimpumelelo zobuchwepheshe, zizikhuthaze kuyo yonke imboni, futhi zandise imizamo yazo yokuguqula. Isibonelo, thuthukisa ukugqugquzelwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obukhulu lokonga amandla nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa emkhakheni wokuncibilikisa, futhi uhlele ochwepheshe ukuze benze ukuncipha kwe-sulfide nama-nitrogen oxide. Ucwaningo lwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokugqugquzelwa kokukhipha amanzi kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe, ukusekela ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kanye nokwenza izimboni kobuchwepheshe bokusetshenziswa okuphelele kwe-aluminium fly umlotha, ukuthuthukisa ngamandla ukuncishiswa kokungcola, ukufakwa esikhundleni sempahla eluhlaza enobuthi neyingozi, ukugaywa kabusha kwezinsalela zemfucuza kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe nemishini eluhlaza; buyekeza izinkambiso zezimboni kanye nezimo zokufinyelela, Ukukhuthaza futhi uqondise uguquko nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zenqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe bezimboni ngaphansi kwesimo esisha, ikhuphule izinga lobuchwepheshe, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, futhi ikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kohlaza kwemboni.
Njengoba zibhekene namathuba amasha emakethe nezinselelo, izinkampani zensimbi ezingenayo insimbi kufanele zizinze zodwa, zishintshe ngenkuthalo izindlela zazo zokuthuthukisa, zenze amaqoqo amasha ezimboni, zithuthukise imikhiqizo emisha esezingeni eliphezulu, zijulise futhi ziqinise uxhaxha lwezimboni, futhi zilwele ukwakha imboni “eyenza okungcono kakhulu emakethe, kodwa ekhule ingenalutho” . Isibonelo, i-Qinghai Xiyu Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd. isebenzisa iphrojekthi ebanzi yokugaywa kabusha kwe-anode slime ukuze kubuyiselwe izinsimbi ezibalulekile njengegolide nesiliva ku-anode slime. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isebenzisa uhlelo olukhona lokuncibilikisa umthofu ukuze kucutshungulwe imfucuza eyingozi equkethe umthofu njengengilazi enomthofu ukuze kuzuzwe Ukuze kwandiswe ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza.
Esimeni lapho izwe lami likhuthaza ngamandla ukukhuphuka kwekhabhoni kanye nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, imboni yensimbi engeyona insimbi ayikwazi nje ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwayo ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi isize nezinye izimboni ukuzuza ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni ngokushesha okukhulu. Kusukela ezinsimbi ezingezona ezoniya kuya emandleni aluhlaza, nakanjani kufanele kube kuningi okumelwe ukwenze.
Umthombo oyisithenjwa: I-inthanethi
Umusho wokuzihlangula: Ulwazi oluqukethwe kulesi sihloko olokubhekisela kuphela, hhayi njengesiphakamiso esiqondile sokwenza izinqumo. Uma wephula ngokungenhloso amalungelo akho omthetho, sicela uthinte futhi ubhekane nakho kusenesikhathi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-19-2021