Ngokutsho kwenkomfa yabezindaba rhoqo ebibanjwe nguMphathiswa we-Ecology kunye nokusiNgqongileyo kutshanje, ukususela ngoJulayi 23, umthamo wentengiselwano iyonke yezibonelelo zokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwimarike yekhabhoni yelizwe yayiziitoni ze-4.833 yezigidi, kunye nomthamo wentengiselwano iyonke ephantse ibe yi-250 yezigidi zeeyuan. Ukususela ekuqalisweni kokurhweba kwi-intanethi kwimarike yekhabhoni yelizwe, ukuthengiselana kweemarike kuye kwasebenza, amaxabiso okuthengiselana anyuke ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye imisebenzi yemarike izinzile. Kuyaqondwa ukuba ukurhweba ngekhabhoni kwishishini lesinyithi elingenawo i-ferrous kuye kwatsala ingqalelo enkulu.
Kungekudala, isithethi soMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yezoLwazi sathi siya kusebenza kunye namasebe afanelekileyo ukwenza izicwangciso zokuphunyezwa kwekhabhoni ephezulu kumashishini abalulekileyo afana neentsimbi ezingenayo i-ferrous, izinto zokwakha, intsimbi, i-petrochemicals, njl. Oku kubonisa ukuba iintsimbi ezingenayo intsimbi zibekwe kwindawo yazo.
Umntu ochaphazelekayo ophethe i-China Non-ferrous Metals Industry Association wathi kwisiqingatha sokuqala salo nyaka, ishishini lesinyithi lelizwe lam elingenantsimbi libone ukukhula koqoqosho oluzinzileyo, ukuphuculwa komgangatho wokusebenza, kunye nokuqhubeka nokukhula okuzinzileyo kwimveliso yentsimbi engekhoyo. Kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka, ukuveliswa kweentsimbi ezilishumi ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ezingenayo intsimbi kwilizwe lam zazingama-32.549 ezigidi zeetoni, ukwanda kwe-11% ngonyaka; Utyalo-mali lulonke kwii-asethi ezisisigxina ezigqitywe kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka lunyuke nge-15.7% unyaka nonyaka. Amashishini amashishini esinyithi angasiyoni ngaphezu kobukhulu obumiselweyo (kubandakanywa neenkampani zegolide ezizimeleyo) azuze inzuzo epheleleyo ye-yuan eyi-163.97 yeebhiliyoni, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka wama-224.6%, ukwanda kwe-35.66 yebhiliyoni ye-yuan kwinzuzo efunyenwe kwisiqingatha sokuqala sowama-2017, ukunyuka okuqhelekileyo kwiminyaka emine ye-6.3%.
Kwangaxeshanye, ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwishishini lesinyithi elingeyontsimbi nako kuninzi kakhulu. Ngokwezibalo, ngo-2020, imveliso yesinyithi yelizwe lam i-non-ferrous iya kukhupha i-660 yezigidi zeetoni ze-carbon dioxide, ibalwa kwi-4.7% yokukhutshwa kwelizwe lonke. Phakathi kwabo, imveliso ye-aluminium ye-electrolytic idla i-502.2 yeebhiliyoni ze-kilowatt-iiyure zombane, i-akhawunti ye-6.7% yokusetyenziswa kombane welizwe lonke, kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-carbon dioxide malunga ne-420 yezigidi zeetoni. Ke ngoko, ukwenza uphando ngokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ekunyibilikiseni isinyithi esingeyoyoni kunye nokuphonononga amanyathelo athile ophuhliso lwekhabhoni ephantsi kubaluleke kakhulu ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yelizwe lam kunye nokufezekisa iinjongo zekhabhoni ezimbini.
Intloko yeChina Nonferrous Metals Industry Association ithe kungekudalanga ukuba amasebe karhulumente afanelekileyo afunde kwaye aqulunqa “iSicwangciso sokuSebenzisa seNcopho yeCarbon kuShishino lweZinyithi eziNgenayo i-ferrous.” Esi sicwangciso siphakamisa ukuzama ukufikelela kwincopho yekhabhoni ngo-2025. Esi sicwangciso sineminyaka emi-5 ubuncinane phambi kwethagethi yekhabhoni yesizwe.
Umgqugquzeli obalulekileyo wokuphumeza injongo yekhabhoni kabini
Iinsimbi ezingenayo i-ferrous ziya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso, ukugcinwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla acocekileyo.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ishishini leemoto zamandla ehlabathi likhule ngokukhawuleza, kwaye imveliso yonyaka ikhula unyaka nonyaka, kwaye idlule kwi-2 yezigidi zezithuthi. Ngokumalunga nomthamo wokuthengisa, malunga ne-3.24 yezigidi zeenqwelo zamandla ezitsha zathengiswa kwihlabathi jikelele kwi-2020. Phakathi kwabo, imarike yaseYurophu ibalwa kwi-43.06%, ibeka; imakethi yaseTshayina yenza malunga ne-41.27%, ibeka indawo yesibini.
Njengoko sonke sisazi, iibhetri zezithuthi zamandla amatsha ziqulunqwa ikakhulu yi-lithium iron phosphate kunye ne-lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide. Iibhetri zamandla amatsha ziya kuqhuba ukukhula kwexesha elide kwimfuno ye-lithium, i-cobalt, i-nickel kunye nezinye iintlobo zetsimbi, kwaye ziya kuba nokunyusa okucacileyo kwi-industry metal non-ferrous. Ngokwezibalo, ngokusekwe kuqikelelo lomndilili webhetri wehlabathi jikelele we-53 kWh, umndilili wokusetyenziswa kobhedu kunye necobalt kwimoto nganye yombane ngama-84 kg kunye ne-8 kg ngokulandelelanayo. Ukunyuka kwemfuno yezithuthi zombane kuthetha ukuba i-4.08 yezigidi zeetoni zobhedu ziya kufuneka ngo-2030.
Ukongeza ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo ngokunyusa uphuhliso lweshishini lemoto yamandla amatsha, iintsimbi ezingenayo i-ferrous nazo ziya kuba ninzi zokwenza ekuveliseni amandla emithombo yamandla emitsha efana ne-photovoltaics kunye namandla omoya.
Kuyaqondwa ukuba amazwe amaninzi ehlabathini ngoku aphuhlisa ngamandla i-photovoltaic kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla omoya. Ishishini lecandelo, eliyimfuneko "kumoya kunye nobuhle", kulindeleke ukuba lizise inani elikhulu lemfuno eyongezelelweyo yobhedu. Ngokwezibalo ezifanelekileyo zedatha, ngo-2030, ukufakwa kwe-photovoltaic entsha yaseChina kuya kusebenzisa malunga neetoni ze-500,000 zethusi; kwaye ishishini lamandla omoya kulindeleke ukuba lisebenzise iitoni ezingama-610,000 zobhedu ngowama-2030.
Ngaphantsi kwemvelaphi ye-carbon peak kunye nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, utyalo-mali olukhulu kwintsimi yamandla acocekileyo ngokungathandabuzekiyo luya kukhuthaza ukukhula kwexesha elide lokufunwa kobhedu, ngokukodwa ukunyuka kwamanani okuqhuma kwintsimi yamandla acocekileyo ukusuka kwi-2021 ukuya kwi-2030, kunye nethemba lokufunwa kobhedu lithemba kakhulu.
Gxininisa ekuthatheni indlela yokusetyenziswa ngokutsha kwezixhobo
ISicwangciso soPhuhliso lwezoQoqosho seSetyhula "ye-14 yeminyaka emihlanu" sachaza ngokucacileyo ukuba ukuphuhlisa ngamandla uqoqosho lwesetyhula kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhuseleni ubutyebi belizwe, ukukhuthaza ukufezekiswa kwencopho yekhabhoni kunye nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, kunye nokukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwempucuko yendalo.
Esi sicwangciso siphakamisa ukuba ngowama-2025, ilizwe lam liya kuseka inkqubo yoshishino lokurisayikilisha kwezixhobo zokusebenza ukuze kuphuculwe kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwemithombo ehlaziyekayo. Umlinganiselo wokutshintshwa kwezibonelelo ezinokuthi zihlaziyeke kwizibonelelo ezingundoqo uya kwandiswa ngakumbi, kwaye indima yoqoqosho lwesetyhula ekuxhaseni izibonelelo iya kugxininiswa ngakumbi. Phakathi kwabo, imveliso yesinyithi esetyenzisiweyo ehlaziyiweyo iya kufikelela kwi-20 yezigidi zeetoni.
Kuyaqondwa ukuba ixesha lelizwe lam “iSicwangciso seMinyaka eHlanu yeshumi elinesithathu” libe neziphumo kuphuhliso loqoqosho olujikelezayo. Ngo-2020, imveliso yesinyithi esetyenzisiweyo esetyenzisiweyo iya kuba yi-14.5 yezigidi zeetoni, ithatha i-23.5% yemveliso yangaphakathi ye-10 yesinyithi. Phakathi kwabo, ukuveliswa kobhedu oluhlaziyiweyo, i-aluminiyam ehlaziyiweyo kunye ne-recycled lead iya kuba yi-325. I-10.000 yeetoni, i-7.4 yezigidi zeetoni, i-2.4 yezigidi zeetoni. Ukurisayikilishwa kwemithombo kube yindlela ebalulekileyo yokukhusela ubutyebi belizwe lethu.
Ngethuba lexesha "le-14 leminyaka emihlanu", ejongene nemeko entsha ye-carbon peaking kunye nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, kukho imfuneko engxamisekileyo yokuphuhlisa uqoqosho lwesetyhula, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo kunye nezinga lokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezihlaziyiweyo, kwaye kukho indawo enkulu.
Kungoku nje, uphuhliso loqoqosho olujikelezayo lwelizwe lam lusajongene neengxaki ezifana nezinga elisezantsi lokurisayikilishwa kwezixhobo ezinokusetyenziswa ngokutsha kumashishini angundoqo, ukungabikho kokhuseleko lomhlaba woncedo lokurisayikilisheka, kunye nobunzima bokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinexabiso eliphantsi. Ukurisayikilishwa kwesambuku zesinyithi ezingezizo i-ferrous ezifana nobhedu, i-aluminiyam, kunye nelothe kusajongwe kuhlaziyo olukwisiphelo esisezantsi. Ukuchaneka kunye nobunzulu bokuhlelwa kwesinyithi awanelanga, kwaye umgangatho kunye neendleko zokurisayikilishwa azikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eziphambili zemathiriyeli yamashishini asakhulayo. Kungxamisekile ukuphucula umthamo wokurisayikilisha .
Kwinqanaba elilandelayo, amasebe karhulumente afanelekileyo aya kusebenzisana namaziko ophando lwezenzululwazi kunye namashishini ukwenza ubudlelwane obuphambili boluntu kwimiba ephambili kunye nokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kweentsimbi ezingasebenziyo. Ngo-2025, iindlela zokuvelisa ezijikelezayo ziya kuphunyezwa, uyilo lohlaza kunye nemveliso ecocekileyo iya kukhuthazwa ngokubanzi, umthamo obanzi wokusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo uya kuphuculwa, kwaye inkqubo yoshishino lokurisayikilisha iya kusekwa ngokusisiseko; imveliso yesinyithi esetyenzisiweyo esetyenzisiweyo iya kufikelela kwi-20 yezigidi zeetoni, kubandakanywa ubhedu olusetyenzisiweyo, i-aluminiyam esetyenzisiweyo kunye nelothe ehlaziywayo. Imveliso ifikelele kwi-4 yezigidi zeetoni, i-11.5 yezigidi zeetoni, kunye ne-2.9 yezigidi zeetoni ngokulandelelanayo, kwaye ixabiso lemveliso ye-resource recycling ifikelele kwi-5 yetriliyoni ye-yuan.
Ukukhawulezisa inguqu yohlaza nophuculo lweshishini
Ushishino lwesinyithi olungeyontsimbi lunceda amanye amashishini ukuba afezekise iinjongo zekhabhoni ezimbini. Okokuqala, kufuneka ifezekise iinjongo ezimbini zekhabhoni ngokwayo, kwaye iphonononge indlela yokunyusa imveliso ecocekileyo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, kunye nokufezekisa ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kunye nokuguqulwa kwamandla.
Kwinqanaba elilandelayo, iinkampani zetsimbi ezingenayo i-ferrous kufuneka zikhuthaze ngamandla ukudityaniswa kwezoshishino kunye noshishino, ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kokuveliswa kwe-smart kunye ne "Intanethi +", kwaye zamkele iindlela zesayensi kunye nezobuchwepheshe zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kunye nokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwekhabhoni; kwiindawo eziphambili, imveliso yedijithali yokulinga kunye neefektri zokubonisa imveliso ehlakaniphile kufuneka zenziwe. Ukuphucula inqanaba lobukrelekrele kwi-R&D, imveliso kunye nenkonzo, ukuphucula ukuzinza kwemveliso kunye nokuhambelana komgangatho; Ukukhuthaza ukusungulwa kweshishini kunye nokuveliswa kwemodeli, ukukhuthaza ukudityaniswa kwe "Intanethi +" nayo yonke inkqubo yemveliso kunye nokusebenza, kunye nokukhuthaza ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kunye nokuveliswa okuguquguqukayo. Ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo kunye namanqanaba amaninzi.
Ukongezelela, iinkampani zetsimbi ezingenayo i-ferrous kufuneka ziqhubeke nokuphuhlisa uqoqosho lwesetyhula kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso oluluhlaza. Amasebe karhulumente afanelekileyo kunye nemibutho yoshishino kufuneka ikhethe ibhetshi yeempumelelo zobuchwepheshe, zizikhuthaze kulo lonke ishishini, kwaye zandise iinzame zazo zenguqu. Ngokomzekelo, ukukhuthaza ukukhuthaza kunye nokusetyenziswa kweteknoloji enkulu yokugcina amandla kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweteknoloji kwintsimi yokunyibilikisa, kwaye uququzelele iingcali ukuba zenze ukunciphisa i-sulfide kunye ne-nitrogen oxides. Uphando lobuGcisa kunye nokukhuthazwa kwamanzi amdaka kunye nobunye ubuchwepheshe, ukuxhasa uphando kunye nophuhliso kunye noshishino lweteknoloji yokusetyenziswa kwe-aluminiyam ephezulu yempukane uthuthu, ukuphuhlisa ngamandla ukucutha ungcoliseko, ukutshintshwa kwezinto ezinobungozi kunye netyhefu, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe inkunkuma kunye nobunye ubuchwepheshe obuluhlaza kunye nezixhobo; ukuhlaziya izithethe zeshishini kunye neemeko zofikelelo, Ukukhuthaza kunye nokukhokela inguqu kunye nophuculo lweshishini ukuze lihlangabezane neemfuno zenkqubela phambili yethekhinoloji yoshishino phantsi kwemeko entsha, ukuphakamisa umda wobugcisa, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo, kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso lohlaza loshishino.
Xa zijongene namathuba amatsha emarike kunye nemiceli mngeni, iinkampani zentsimbi ezingenayo intsimbi kufuneka zizinze ngokwazo, zitshintshe ngokusebenzayo iindlela zazo zophuhliso, zenze amaqela amatsha amashishini, ziphuhlise iimveliso ezintsha ezikumgangatho ophezulu, zenze nzulu kwaye zomeleze ikhonkco lemizi-mveliso, kwaye zizame ukudala ishishini “enza okona kulungileyo kwimarike, kodwa likhule lingekho nto” . Umzekelo, iQinghai Xiyu Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd. isebenzisa iprojekthi yokuphinda isetyenziswe kwi-anode slime ukubuyisela iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo ezifana negolide nesilivere kwi-anode slime. Kwangaxeshanye, isebenzisa inkqubo ekhoyo yokunyibilikisa i-lead ukuze idibanise inkunkuma enobungozi enelothe efana neglasi equlathe ilothe ukuze kuphunyezwe Ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo.
Kumxholo welizwe lam lokukhuthaza ngamandla ukunyuswa kwekhabhoni kunye nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, ishishini lesinyithi elingeyontsimbi alinako ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwalo ngokuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji, kodwa linokunceda amanye amashishini ukuba afezekise ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni ngokukhawuleza. Ukusuka kwisinyithi esingenawo intsimbi ukuya kumandla aluhlaza, kunyanzelekile ukuba kubekho into eninzi yokwenza.
Umthombo weReferensi: I-Intanethi
Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi oluqulethwe kweli nqaku lwenzelwe ireferensi kuphela, hayi njengengcebiso yokwenziwa kwesigqibo ngokuthe ngqo. Ukuba wophula ngokungeyonjongo amalungelo akho asemthethweni, nceda uqhagamshelane kwaye ujongane nayo kwangethuba.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-19-2021