ʻO ka tin kekahi o nā metala mua loa i ʻike ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia e nā kānaka. He kālā-keʻokeʻo ma ka lumi wela a he ʻekolu alotropes me nā loli wela. Ma lalo o 13.2°C he α tin (tina hina), 13.2-161°C he β tin (kini ke'oke'o), a ma luna o 161°C he γ tin (kini brittle). No ka ʻōnaehana kristal equiaxed ʻano daimana, ke kī keʻokeʻo no ka ʻōnaehana kristal tetragonal, a no ka ʻōnaehana kristal orthorhombic ka pahu hina. Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni pale o ka tin dioxide ma ka ʻili o ka tin i ka lewa a paʻa. Hoʻokē ʻia ka hopena o ka hoʻomake ʻana ma lalo o ka hoʻomehana ʻana, a hoʻopili ke tin me ka halogen e hana i ka tin tetrahalide, hiki ke hana pū me ka sulfur. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe lohi i ka waika dilute a hoʻoheheʻe koke ʻia i loko o ka ʻakika paʻa. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka tin i ka hopena alkaline ikaika. E ʻānai ʻia ka tin i loko o nā waiʻawaʻawa o nā paʻakai e like me ka ferric chloride a me ka zinc chloride.
ʻO ka tin kahi mea keleawe-philic, akā ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ka lithosphere, loaʻa iā ia nā ʻano o ka oxygen a me ka sulfur affinity. ʻOi aku ma mua o 50 mau minerala i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka cassiterite ka mea nui o ka waiwai waiwai, a ukali ʻia e kesterite. I kekahi mau waihona, sulfur-tin-lead ore, stibnite, cylindrical tin ore, a i kekahi manawa ʻeleʻele sulfur-kālā-tin oka, ʻeleʻele boron-tin ore, Malayanite, schistite, brucite, etc. Hoʻonohonoho, loaʻa ka waiwai ʻoihana.
ʻO Cassiterite, ʻo ka hui kemika ʻo SnO2, ʻōnaehana kristal tetragonal, ʻo ke aniani ke ʻano o nā cones pālua, cones, a i kekahi manawa nā nila. Loaʻa pinepine i nā mea i hui pū ʻia e like me ka hao, niobium, a me ka tantalum. Eia kekahi, hiki iā ia ke komo i ka manganese, scandium, titanium, zirconium, tungsten, a me nā mea i hoʻopuehu ʻia e like me ka iridium a me ka gallium. Hoʻopili pinepine ka hele ʻana o Fe3+ i ka magnetism, kala a me ka gravity kikoʻī o ka cassiterite. ʻO Cassiterite ke kumu kumu nui o ka tin.
ʻO Kesterite, ka mea i ʻike ʻia he tetrahedronite, he hui kemika ʻo Cu2FeSnS4, ʻōnaehana kristal tetragonal, nā kristal laha ʻole, a me ka pseudotetrahedron, pseudooctahedron, nā ʻano like me ka pā. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o nā waihona pahu melemele ma Guangxi tin-bearing sulfide metasomatic deposits a me ka hoʻopiha-type tungsten-tin deposits, a me Hunan kiʻekiʻe-waena-wela hydrothermal type lead-zinc deposits.
ʻO ka antimony tin-lead ore he hui kemika o Pb5Sb2Sn3S14, me ka hao, zinc, etc. i hui pū ʻia. He lahilahi ke aniani, ʻaʻa pinepine, a he paʻakikī nā aniani māhoe. ʻO nā mea hōʻuluʻulu he nui, radial a spherical paha. Hana ʻia ia me ka stibnit a me kesterite, a ua hana ʻia hoʻi i loko o nā veins tin ore.
ʻO ka ʻeleʻele sulfur tin lead ore, ʻo ka haku mele PbSnS2, ʻo ka ʻōnaehana kristal orthorhombic, ʻo ke aniani he pā-like, kokoke ke ʻano i ka huinaha, maʻamau he hui nui. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ia i loko o nā ʻuala tin ore me ka cassiterite, galena, sphalerite, a me pyrite.
ʻO ke kinikini o Pb3Sb2Sn4S14, orthorhombic crystal system, he cylindrical a nui a spherical aggregate paha, i hana ʻia i loko o nā veins tin ore me stibnite, sphalerite a me pyrite.
Hoʻopili mālie ʻia ka pī maʻemaʻe me nā ʻakika organik nāwaliwali, no laila hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana tin-plated, ʻike mau ʻia ʻo tinplate, a hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea ʻai meaʻai. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka tin maʻemaʻe ma ke ʻano he uhi no kekahi mau ʻāpana mechanical. Hoʻohana maʻalahi ʻia ka tin i nā paipu, nā foil, nā uwea, nā ʻāpana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a hiki ke hana ʻia i pauda maikaʻi no ka metallurgy pauda. Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ke kini me nā metala a pau, a ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o ka solder, tin keleawe, babbitt alloy, lead-tin bearing alloy a me ke kēpau. Nui nō hoʻi nā mea hoʻohui kūikawā i loaʻa i ka tin, e like me ka zirconium-based alloys, i hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea hoʻohuihui nuklea i loko o ka ʻoihana ikehu atomic; titanium-based alloys, hoʻohana ʻia i ka mokulele, ka hana moku, atomic ikehu, kemika, nā mea lapaʻau a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe; Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā pūhui intermetallic niobium-tin ma ke ʻano he super. ʻO nā pūhui koʻikoʻi o ka tin he tin dioxide, tin dichloride, tin tetrachloride a me tin organic compounds. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou e like me nā mea maka no ka enamel seramika, mordant no ka paʻi ʻana a me ke kala ʻana i nā lole silika, ka mea hoʻomaha wela no nā plastics, a me nā bactericides. A me nā pesticides.
Aia nā ʻano ʻano o koʻu ʻāina i kēia mau hiʻohiʻona: (1) Kūleʻa loa nā waihona. ʻO ka nui o nā mines tin o koʻu ʻāina i 6 mau panalāʻau, ʻo ia hoʻi, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Inner Mongolia, a me Jiangxi. ʻO Yunnan ka mea nui ma Gejiu, a ʻo Guangxi ka nui ma Dachang. ʻO nā waihona o Gejiu a me Dachang no ka nui o nā mālama o ka ʻāina. Ma kahi o 40% o nā waihona. (2) ʻO ke kumu nui ke kumu nui o ka ʻohe tin, a ʻo ka placer tin ore ke kuleana lua. Ma ka huina o ka aina, he 80% ka nui o ka tin ore, a he 16% wale no. (3) Nui nā mea i hui pū ʻia, ʻo 12% wale nō ke ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka mineral hoʻokahi. ʻO ka ʻeleʻele ma ke ʻano he koleke nui he 66% o ka nui o ka mālama ʻana o ka ʻāina, a ʻo ka tin ore ma ke ʻano he hui hui pū ʻia he 22% o ka nui o ka mālama ʻana o ka ʻāina. ʻO Symbiotic a me nā mineral e pili pū ana me ke keleawe, ke kēpau, zinc, tungsten, antimony, molybdenum, bismuth, silver, niobium, tantalum, beryllium, indium, gallium, germanium, cadmium, a me ka hao, sulfur, arsenic, fluorite, etc. polymetallic super-nui nā wahi eli tini.
Nā kikoʻī hou aku loulou:https://www.wanmetal.com/products/tin/
Kumu kuhikuhi: Internet
Hoʻokuʻu: ʻO ka ʻike i loko o kēia ʻatikala no ka ʻike wale nō, ʻaʻole ma ke ʻano he manaʻo hoʻoholo pololei. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i manaʻo e hōʻino i kāu mau kuleana kānāwai, e ʻoluʻolu e kelepona mai iā mākou i ka manawa.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-30-2021