Tin ndeimwe yesimbi yekutanga kuwanikwa uye kushandiswa nevanhu. Isirivha-chena pakupisa kwekamuri uye ine matatu allotropes ane tembiricha shanduko. Pasi pe13.2 ° C iine α tin (grey tin), 13.2-161 ° C i β tin (white tin), uye pamusoro pe161 ° C i γ tin (brittle tin). Grey tin ndeye diamond-mhando equiaxed crystal system, chena tin ndeye tetragonal crystal system, uye brittle tin ndeye orthorhombic crystal system. Firimu rinodzivirira retin dioxide rinoumbwa pamusoro pematini mumhepo uye rakagadzikana. Iyo oxidation reaction inokwidziridzwa pasi pekudziya, uye tini inopindirana nehalogen kuumba tin tetrahalide, iyo inogona zvakare kuita nesarufa. Tin inogona kunyungudika zvishoma nezvishoma mukunyungudutsa asidhi uye nekukasira kunyungudika muyakaomeswa asidhi. Tin inogona kunyungudika mune yakasimba alkaline solution. Tin ichasvibiswa muine acidic solution yemunyu yakadai seferric chloride uye zinc chloride.
Tin chinhu chemhangura-philic, asi muchikamu chepamusoro che lithosphere, ine maitiro ezvose zviri zviviri okisijeni uye sulfur affinity. Kune zvinopfuura makumi mashanu zvicherwa zvine tin zvinozivikanwa muzvisikwa. Parizvino, cassiterite inonyanya kukosha kwehupfumi, inoteverwa nekesterite. Mune mamwe madhipatimendi, sarufa-tin-lead ore, stibnite, cylindrical tin ore, uye dzimwe nguva dema sarufa-sirivha-tin ore, dema boron-tin ore, Malayanite, schistite, brucite, nezvimwe zvinogona zvakare kupfuma. Set, ine kukosha kwemaindasitiri.
Cassiterite, iyo kemikari inoumbwa ndeye SnO2, tetragonal crystal system, iyo crystal iri muchimiro chemakoni maviri, makoni, uye dzimwe nguva tsono. Kazhinji ine zvinhu zvakasanganiswa zvakadai sesimbi, niobium, uye tantalum. Mukuwedzera, inogonawo kuva nemanganese, scandium, titanium, zirconium, tungsten, uye zvinhu zvakapararira zvakadai se iridium uye gallium. Kuvapo kweFe3 + kunowanzo kukanganisa magineti, ruvara uye chaiyo giravhiti ye cassiterite. Cassiterite ndiyo huru yezvinyorwa zvemarata.
Kesterite, inozivikanwawo setetrahedronite, ine kemikari yeCu2FeSnS4, tetragonal crystal system, makristasi asingawanzo, uye pseudotetrahedron, pseudooctahedron, plate-like shapes. Yellow tin deposits inowanzoitika muGuangxi tin-bearing sulfide metasomatic deposits uye yekuzadza-mhando tungsten-tin deposits, uye Hunan yakakwirira-yepakati-tembiricha hydrothermal type lead-zinc deposits.
Iyo antimony tin-lead ore ine chemikemikari yePb5Sb2Sn3S14, ine simbi, zinc, nezvimwewo zvakasanganiswa mukuumbwa. Iyo crystal yakaonda, kazhinji yakakombama, uye mapatya makristasi akaoma. Iwo akaunganidzwa akakura, radial kana spherical. Inogadzirwa pamwe chete ne stibnite uye kesterite, uye zvakare inogadzirwa mumatin ore tsinga.
Sulfur tin lead ore, kemikari inoumbwa iPbSnS2, orthorhombic crystal system, iyo kristaro yakafanana neplate, chimiro chiri padyo neskweya, kazhinji yakakura aggregate. Inowanzo gadzirwa mumatin ore tsinga pamwe chete ne cassiterite, galena, sphalerite, uye pyrite.
Cylindrical tin ore, ine chemikemikari yePb3Sb2Sn4S14, orthorhombic crystal system, cylindrical kana yakakura uye spherical aggregate, inogadzirwa mumatin ore tsinga pamwe chete ne stibnite, sphalerite uye pyrite.
Marata akachena anodyidzana zvishoma nezvishoma neasina simba organic acids, saka anowanzo shandiswa mukugadzira tin-plated mapepa, anowanzozivikanwa setinplate, uye anoshandiswa sezvikafu zvekurongedza. Tini rakachena rinogonawo kushandiswa sechifukidzo chezvimwe zvikamu zvemuchina. Tini inogadzikiswa zviri nyore kuita machubhu, mafoiri, waya, mitsetse, nezvimwewo, uye inogonawo kugadzirwa kuita hupfu hwakatsetseka hwepoda metallurgy. Tini inogona kusanganiswa nesimbi dzinenge dzese, uye solder, tin bronze, babbitt alloy, lead-tin bearing alloy uye lead alloy ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa. Kune zvakare akawanda matin-ane akakosha alloys, akadai se zirconium-based alloys, anoshandiswa semafuta enyukireya ekuputira zvinhu muindasitiri yesimba reatomu; titanium-based alloys, inoshandiswa mukufamba nendege, kuvaka ngarava, simba reatomu, makemikari, midziyo yekurapa uye mamwe maindasitiri; niobium-tin intermetallic makomisheni inogona kushandiswa seyakanyanya. Mishonga yakakosha yetin itin dioxide, tin dichloride, tin tetrachloride uye tin organic compounds. Iwo anoshandiswa seyakagadzirwa zvinhu zveceramic enamel, mordant yekudhinda uye kudhaya machira esirika, kupisa stabilizer yemapurasitiki, uye semabhakitiriya. Uye mishonga yezvipembenene.
zviwanikwa zvenyika yangu zvine zvinhu zvinotevera: (1) Matura acho akanyanya kuwanda. migodhi yemarata yemunyika yangu yakanyanya kuwanda mumatunhu matanhatu, anoti, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Inner Mongolia, uye Jiangxi. Yunnan inonyanya kutariswa muGejiu, uye Guangxi yakatarisana muDachang. Nzvimbo dzakachengetwa dzeGejiu neDachang dzinotora nzvimbo dzakachengetwa dzenyika. Inenge 40% yezvakachengetwa. (2) Zvikurukuru simbi ndiyo manyuko makuru, uye placer simbi ore inoita basa rechipiri. Munzvimbo dzakachengetwa munyika, simbi yekutanga inosvika 80%, uye placer tin ore inotora 16% chete. (3) Kune zvakawanda zvakabatanidzwa zvikamu, chete 12% inoratidzika muchimiro cheimwe mineral. Tin ore sechicherwa chikuru chinoita 66% yezvicherwa zvese zvenyika, uye tin ore sechikamu chakabatana chinotora 22% yezvicherwa zvese zvenyika. Symbiotic uye zvicherwa zvakabatana zvinosanganisira mhangura, lead, zingi, tungsten, antimony, molybdenum, bismuth, sirivheri, niobium, tantalum, beryllium, indium, gallium, germanium, cadmium, uye iron, sulfur, arsenic, fluorite, etc. Guangxi, idzo dziri pasi rose-kirasi polymetallic super-hombe tin nzvimbo dzemigodhi.
Mamwe mashoko Link:https://www.wanmetal.com/products/tin/
Reference source: Internet
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Nguva yekutumira: Aug-30-2021