Tin ndi imodzi mwazitsulo zakale kwambiri zomwe anthu anapeza komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndi yoyera siliva kutentha kwa chipinda ndipo imakhala ndi ma allotropes atatu ndi kusintha kwa kutentha. Pansi pa 13.2°C ndi α tin (gray tin), 13.2-161°C ndi β tin (white tin), ndipo pamwamba pa 161°C ndi γ tin (brittle tin). Grey malata ndi amtundu wa diamondi equiaxed crystal system, malata oyera ndi a tetragonal crystal system, ndipo brittle tin ndi a orthorhombic crystal system. Filimu yoteteza ya tin dioxide imapangidwa pamwamba pa malata mumlengalenga ndipo imakhala yokhazikika. The oxidation reaction imachulukitsidwa ndi kutentha, ndipo malata amakumana ndi halogen kupanga tini tetrahalide, yomwe imathanso kuchitapo kanthu ndi sulfure. Tin amatha kusungunuka pang'onopang'ono mu asidi wosungunula ndikusungunula msanga mu asidi wambiri. Tin akhoza kusungunuka mu njira yamphamvu yamchere. Tini adzazimbirira mu acidic zothetsera mchere monga ferric kolorayidi ndi zinki kloridi.
Tin ndi copper-philic element, koma kumtunda kwa lithosphere, ili ndi makhalidwe a oxygen ndi sulfure kuyanjana. Pali mchere wopitilira 50 wokhala ndi malata omwe amadziwika m'chilengedwe. Pakalipano, cassiterite ndiyofunika kwambiri pazachuma, yotsatiridwa ndi kesterite. M'malo ena, miyala ya sulfure-tin-lead, stibnite, cylindrical tin ore, ndipo nthawi zina wakuda sulfure-silver-tin ore, black boron-tin ore, Malayanite, schistite, brucite, ndi zina zotero. Seti, ili ndi phindu la mafakitale.
Cassiterite, kapangidwe kake ndi SnO2, tetragonal crystal system, kristaloyo imakhala ngati ma cones awiri, ma cones, ndipo nthawi zina singano. Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zinthu zosakanikirana monga chitsulo, niobium, ndi tantalum. Kuphatikiza apo, imathanso kukhala ndi manganese, scandium, titaniyamu, zirconium, tungsten, ndi zinthu zobalalika monga iridium ndi gallium. Kukhalapo kwa Fe3 + nthawi zambiri kumakhudza maginito, mtundu ndi mphamvu yokoka ya cassiterite. Cassiterite ndiye gwero lalikulu la malata.
Kesterite, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti tetrahedronite, ili ndi mankhwala a Cu2FeSnS4, tetragonal crystal system, makristasi osowa, ndi pseudotetrahedron, pseudooctahedron, mawonekedwe ngati mbale. Madipoziti a malata achikasu amapezeka kwambiri m'madipoziti a Guangxi okhala ndi sulfide metasomatic ndi ma depositi amtundu wa tungsten-tin, komanso ma depositi amtundu wa lead-zinc wa Hunan wotentha kwambiri wapakati.
Mafuta a antimony tin-lead ore ali ndi mankhwala a Pb5Sb2Sn3S14, okhala ndi chitsulo, zinki, ndi zina zotero. Krustaloyo ndi yopyapyala, nthawi zambiri imakhala yopindika, ndipo makristalo amapasa ndi ovuta. Ma aggregates ndi aakulu, ozungulira kapena ozungulira. Amapangidwa pamodzi ndi stibnite ndi kesterite, ndipo amapangidwanso mu mitsempha ya malata ore.
Sulfur tin lead ore, mankhwala opangidwa ndi PbSnS2, orthorhombic crystal system, kristaloyo imakhala ngati mbale, mawonekedwe ake amakhala pafupi ndi masikweya, nthawi zambiri amaphatikizana kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa mu mitsempha ya tin ore pamodzi ndi cassiterite, galena, sphalerite, ndi pyrite.
Cylindrical tin ore, yokhala ndi mankhwala a Pb3Sb2Sn4S14, orthorhombic crystal system, gulu la cylindrical kapena lalikulu komanso lozungulira, limapangidwa m'mitsempha ya tin ore pamodzi ndi stibnite, sphalerite ndi pyrite.
Tini yoyera imagwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono ndi ma organic acid ofooka, motero imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapepala okhala ndi malata, omwe amadziwika kuti tinplate, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopangira chakudya. Tini yoyera itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zokutira pazigawo zina zamakina. Malata amakonzedwa mosavuta kukhala machubu, zojambulazo, mawaya, zomangira, ndi zina zotero, ndipo amathanso kupangidwa kukhala ufa wabwino wazitsulo za ufa. Malata amatha kusakanikirana ndi pafupifupi zitsulo zonse, ndipo solder, malata amkuwa, aloyi a babbitt, aloyi okhala ndi lead ndi lead alloy amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Palinso ma aloyi apadera okhala ndi malata, monga ma aloyi opangidwa ndi zirconium, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zokutira mafuta a nyukiliya mumakampani opanga mphamvu za atomiki; ma aloyi opangidwa ndi titaniyamu, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndege, kupanga zombo, mphamvu za atomiki, mankhwala, zida zamankhwala ndi mafakitale ena; niobium-tin intermetallic mankhwala angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati wapamwamba Zinthu zopangira, tin-silver amalgam amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zitsulo zamano. Zofunikira za tini ndi tin dioxide, tin dichloride, tin tetrachloride ndi tini organic compounds. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopangira za ceramic enamel, mordant yosindikizira ndi kudaya nsalu za silika, kutentha kwa stabilizer kwa mapulasitiki, komanso ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
chuma cha dziko langa chili ndi makhalidwe otsatirawa: (1) Zosungirako ndizochuluka kwambiri. migodi ya malata ya m’dziko langa imapezeka makamaka m’zigawo 6, zomwe ndi Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Inner Mongolia, ndi Jiangxi. Yunnan imakhazikika ku Gejiu, ndipo Guangxi imakhazikika ku Dachang. Zosungirako za Gejiu ndi Dachang zimatengera nkhokwe zonse za dzikolo. Pafupifupi 40% ya nkhokwe. (2) Kwenikweni miyala ya malata ndiyo gwero lalikulu, ndipo chitsulo cha placer chimagwira ntchito yachiwiri. Pazinthu zonse zosungiramo nkhokwe za dzikolo, malata oyambirira amakhala 80%, ndipo 16% yokha ya placer ore ndi 16%. (3) Pali zigawo zambiri zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa, 12% yokha ikuwoneka ngati mchere umodzi. Tin ore monga mchere waukulu ndi 66% ya nkhokwe zonse za dziko, ndipo malata monga gawo logwirizana ndi 22% ya nkhokwe zonse za dziko. Symbiotic ndi mchere wogwirizana ndi monga mkuwa, lead, zinki, tungsten, antimoni, molybdenum, bismuth, siliva, niobium, tantalum, beryllium, indium, gallium, germanium, cadmium, ndi chitsulo, sulfure, arsenic, fluorite, etc. Guangxi, omwe ndi madera opangira migodi ya malata apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Zambiri Link:https://www.wanmetal.com/products/tin/
Gwero lothandizira: Internet
Chodzikanira: Zomwe zili m'nkhaniyi ndizongogwiritsa ntchito, osati ngati lingaliro lachindunji lopanga zisankho. Ngati simukufuna kuphwanya ufulu wanu, chonde titumizireni munthawi yake.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-30-2021