Zofunikira zochepa zamphamvu komanso zazing'ono (zamphamvu) za minofu. The low magnification microstructure wakubala zitsuloamatanthauza ambiri lotayirira, pakati lotayirira ndi tsankho, ndi ting'onoting'ono (mkulu magnification) microstructure zikuphatikizapo annealing microstructure zitsulo, carbide network, Mzere ndi kusanduka madzi, etc. The carbide njira ndi zovuta ndi Chimaona, ndi kuvulaza kwake n'chimodzimodzi ndi brittle kuphatikizidwa. Netiweki carbide imachepetsa kulimba kwachitsulo ndikupangitsa kapangidwe kake kukhala kosagwirizana, komwe kumakhala kosavuta kupunduka ndikusweka pakuzimitsa. Ma carbides okhala ndi zingwe amakhudza kukhazikika komanso kuzimitsidwa kwapang'onopang'ono komanso kukhudzana ndi kutopa. Makhalidwe amphamvu otsika komanso apamwamba kwambiri amakhudza kwambiri ntchito ndi moyo wautumiki wa mayendedwe ogubuduza, kotero pali zofunikira zokhwima za dongosolo lamphamvu lochepa komanso lamphamvu pakunyamula mfundo zakuthupi.
Zofunikira kwambiri pazowonongeka zam'mwamba ndi zolakwika zamkati. Kwa kunyamula zitsulo, zofooka zapamtunda zimaphatikizapo ming'alu, kuyika kwa slag, burrs, scarring, khungu la oxide, ndi zina zotero, ndi zolakwika zamkati zimaphatikizapo mabowo a shrinkage, thovu, mawanga oyera, porosity yaikulu ndi tsankho. Zowonongeka izi zimakhudza kwambiri kukonzedwa kwa ma bearings, kubereka ntchito komanso moyo. Izo zikufotokozedwa momveka bwino mu zotengera zinthu mfundo kuti zofooka izi siziloledwa.
Zofunika kwambiri za carbide inhomogeneity. Ponyamula zitsulo, ngati pali kugawanika kwakukulu kwa carbide, ndikosavuta kuyambitsa kusamvana kwa microstructure ndi kuuma panthawi ya chithandizo cha kutentha. The osagwirizana microstructure zitsulo ali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa kukhudzana kutopa mphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, kusafanana kwakukulu kwa carbide ndikosavuta kung'amba mbali zonyamula panthawi yoziziritsa, ndipo kusafanana kwa carbide kumabweretsanso kuchepetsedwa kwa moyo. Choncho, ponyamula mfundo zakuthupi, pali zofunikira zenizeni zazitsulo zosiyana siyana.
Okhwima pamwamba decarburization wosanjikiza zofunika kuya. Pali malamulo okhwima pamwamba decarburization wosanjikiza zitsulo mu kubala zinthu mfundo. Ngati pamwamba decarburization wosanjikiza kuposa mmene ananenera muyezo, ndipo si kwathunthu kuchotsedwa processing ndondomeko pamaso kutentha mankhwala, n'zosavuta kubala quenching ming'alu m`kati kutentha mankhwala quenching, chifukwa mu zidutswa za mbali.
Pazinthu zachitsulo zokhala ndi zitsulo, palinso zofunikira zokhwima pa njira yosungunulira, mpweya wa okosijeni, kuuma kwa annealing, fracture, zinthu zotsalira, kuyesa spark, malo operekera, kuika chizindikiro ndi zina zotero.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-12-2023