"Tinayamba kufunsira ntchitoyo kumayambiriro kwa chaka chatha. Chifukwa cha zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, tidangoyamba kufunsira EIA pa Chikondwerero cha Spring chaka chino. Pakali pano, polojekitiyi ikukakamirabe mu EIA, ndipo chiyambi cha ntchito yomangayi chakhudzidwa kwambiri. Katswiri wina wamakampani omwe amagwira ntchito yopanga aluminiyamu yosinthidwanso adauza nyuzipepala ya 21st Century Business Herald kuti bizinesi yake ya aluminiyamu yomwe idagwiritsidwanso ntchito idakakamirabe pakuwunika momwe chilengedwe chikuyendera ndipo sichinayambe kumanga patatha chaka ndi theka kukhazikitsidwa bwino kwa polojekitiyi.
Zomwe zili mukampaniyi siziri zokha. The "14 Zaka zisanu Plan for Circular Economy Development" yomwe inaperekedwa ndi National Development and Reform Commission kumayambiriro kwa July inakhazikitsa cholinga chapachaka cha matani 11.50 miliyoni ku makampani a aluminium yachiwiri ndi 2025. agglomeration ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale zongowonjezwdwa. Kutulutsa kwazitsulo zosakhala ndi chitsulo zobwezerezedwanso kudzafika matani 20 miliyoni pofika chaka cha 2025, pomwe zotulutsa zamkuwa zobwezerezedwanso zidzafikanso matani 4 miliyoni ndi matani 2.9 miliyoni motsatana. Kwa makampani opanga zitsulo zosakhala ndi ferrous, izi mosakayikira ndi nkhani yabwino yolimbikitsa chikhalidwe.
Koma kwenikweni, zomwe akatswiri akukumana nazo sizongoganizira zokhazokha pamapangidwe apamwamba, komanso mfundo zina zofunika mu ndondomeko yonse ya ndondomeko zomwe ziyenera kufotokozedwa mwamsanga.
Chuma chozungulira kapena "zokwera ziwiri"?
Kwa nthawi yaitali, makampani osungunula zitsulo m’dziko langa adalira kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe. Komabe, chifukwa chuma chamchere ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zosasinthika, pambuyo pa zaka zambiri za migodi, nthawi yogwira ntchito ya migodi ya zinthu zambiri yatha. Kubwezeretsanso zitsulo zopanda chitsulo kwathandizira kwambiri chitukuko cha zachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko lathu, makamaka chifukwa kumachepetsa kwambiri kufunikira kochotsa zinthu zomwe sizingangowonjezeke kudzera mumigodi.
Malinga ndi Li Xinchuang, Mlembi wa Komiti Party ndi Chief Engineer wa Metallurgiska Makampani Planning ndi Research Institute, poyerekeza ndi miyambo sanali ferrous kupanga zitsulo, zobwezerezedwanso sanali chitsulo zitsulo ali ndi ubwino wotchuka kwambiri ponena za ubwino chilengedwe. Mwambo sanali achitsulo kupanga zitsulo ndi ndondomeko smelting kumafuna umuna wambirimbiri particulate nkhani, sulfure dioxide ndi zina zinyalala gasi zoipitsa, komanso madzi oipa ndi smelting zotsalira zinyalala, ndi kupanga ake limodzi ndi chitukuko cha sanali achitsulo migodi zitsulo, amene adzawononga kwambiri chilengedwe chilengedwe.
Li Xinchuang akukhulupirira kuti ngati njira yobwezeretsanso zinyalala zolimba, kukonzanso zitsulo zopanda chitsulo ndi ntchito yoteteza chilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kufunikira kosungira mphamvu za batri, kutaya bwino kwa mabatire otayika kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi izi. Ndipo mu nkhani ya "wapawiri mpweya" cholinga, chitukuko cha zobwezerezedwanso sanali ferrous zitsulo makampani alinso tanthauzo zabwino kulimbikitsa makampani sanali achitsulo zitsulo kufika pachimake pasadakhale ndi kulimbikitsa kusintha kwa zobwezerezedwanso sanali ferrous zitsulo kamangidwe.
Munthu amene amayang'anira bizinesi yomwe yakhala ikugwira ntchito yokonzanso zitsulo zosakhala ndi chitsulo kwa zaka zambiri adauza 21st Century Business Herald kuti kungotenga aluminiyamu yobwezerezedwanso mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pakusungunula zotayidwanso ndi 4% mpaka 5% ya electrolytic aluminium smelting. Ndipo poganizira kuti akwaniritse muyezo wapadziko lonse wa aluminiyamu ya aloyi yaiwisi yaiwisi, utsi womwe umasungunuka pakusungunuka kwa aluminiyumu umakhala wochepa kwambiri wa nitrogen oxides. "Chifukwa chake, ntchito zobwezerezedwanso zazitsulo zopanda chitsulo ziyenera kukhala zamakampani ozungulira azachuma."
Koma kwenikweni sizili choncho. Kupatulapo anthu omwe tawatchulawa omwe adakumana ndi zovuta pa ulalo wa EIA, yemwe amayang'anira kampani yomwe tatchulayi ananenanso kuti kampaniyo idakumana ndi zovuta zambiri zopezeka pamapulojekiti ake azitsulo omwe sanagwiritsidwenso ntchito m'madera ambiri mdziko muno. "Pokhazikitsa polojekitiyi, m'pofunika nthawi zonse kufotokozera akuluakulu a boma kuti ntchito yathu ndi yosiyana ndi kusungunula zitsulo zopanda chitsulo. Imakhala ndi mphamvu yochepa komanso mpweya wochepa. M'madera ena omwe ntchitoyi imangotenga theka la chaka, timafunikira chaka chimodzi. M'mbuyomu, imodzi yokha inali yofunika. Kwa ife, kuwunika kwa chilengedwe kudzatenga miyezi itatu, nthawi zina ngakhale theka la chaka."
Zovuta zopezeka chifukwa chodziwika kuti "zokwera ziwiri" zidatalikitsa kwambiri ntchito yonseyi kuyambira poyambira mpaka kumanga. Chifukwa cha kuchedwa kuyamba ntchito, makampani omwe sangapeze chilolezo chogwira ntchito ali pampanizo waukulu pa chain chain. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zachititsanso kuti ntchito zina zamalonda ndi zachuma zisiye kuleza mtima m'makampani opanga zitsulo.
N'chifukwa chiyani makampani azitsulo obwezerezedwanso, omwe amalembedwa momveka bwino kuti ndi ofunika kwambiri pa ndondomeko ya chuma chozungulira, amaikidwa ngati "mapamwamba awiri" muzochita zenizeni? Woyang'anira bizinesi yomwe yatchulidwa pamwambapa idati izi ndichifukwa choti kusungunula kwa aluminiyamu yachiwiri ndi mkuwa wachiwiri kumatchedwa "kusungunuka kwa aluminium" ndi "kusungunula mkuwa" mu "National Economic Industry Classification" yomwe idatulutsidwa mu 2017.
"Mndandanda Wazambiri Woteteza Zachilengedwe" wosinthidwa ndi Unduna wa Zachilengedwe ndi Zachilengedwe mu 2020 watulutsa kale mkuwa wowumbidwanso komanso aluminiyamu yobwezeretsanso. Choncho, madokotala aŵiri omwe tawatchulawa nawonso anafotokoza kumvetsa kwawo za kugaŵanika kwa makampaniwo kukhala “apamwamba aŵiri”: “Kwa madipatimenti oteteza zachilengedwe a m’deralo, kusagwirizana pakati pa ndondomeko sikuli mwachindunji kuti iwo asankhe zochita.
Pakalipano, makampani ambiri anena za mavuto omwe amakumana nawo ku mabungwe amakampani. He Zhiqiang, mkulu waukadaulo wa Recycling Metal Branch ya China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association, adauza 21st Century Business Herald kuti anena za mavutowa kumadipatimenti ofunikira ndikulumikizana mwachangu.
Maulalo ambiri ofooka amafunika kudzazidwa mwachangu
Kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono kwamakampani opanga zitsulo zopanda chitsulo kwakhala kukupita patsogolo m'zaka zaposachedwa. Kukhazikika ndi kukula kwa makampani akuchulukirachulukira, ndipo mtengo wotulutsa wakwera mobwerezabwereza mbiri yakale. Pakali pano, ponena za kuchuluka kwake, dziko langa limatulutsa zitsulo khumi zosakhala ndi chitsulo zomwe zili patsogolo padziko lonse lapansi.
Koma nthawi yomweyo, He Zhiqiang adatsindikanso chizindikiro chofunikira: gawo la msika. Pankhani ya gawo la msika, makampani opanga zitsulo osagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo m'dziko langa akadali obwerera m'mbuyo. Mu 2020, kumwa okwana zitsulo zinayi zazikulu za aluminiyamu, mkuwa, nthaka, ndi lead m'dziko langa ndi pafupifupi matani 77.6 miliyoni, amene matani 21.5 miliyoni za zitsulo zobwezerezedwanso, mlandu 27,8% ya mowa, ndi 35,3% m'munsi kuposa avareji dziko, amene ndi 7.5 peresenti ya mayiko otukuka. Avereji ya dziko lonse ya 45% ndiyosiyana kwambiri.
He Zhiqiang adauza 21st Century Business Herald kuti izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa chazomwe zimapangidwira zitsulo zoyambira komanso kusazindikira bwino pakubwezeretsanso zinthu m'gulu lonse. Makamaka, malo ena amaganiza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zinyalala zazitsulo zopanda chitsulo ndi chisonyezero cha 'kubwerera m'mbuyo ndi umphawi.' Tsopano popeza dziko lathu lili ndi ndalama, tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zabwino kwambiri komanso zodula kwambiri za chitsulo zobwezerezedwanso sanali ferrous zitsulo makampani. Kukula kofulumira komanso kwathanzi kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti mwayi wopezeka pamipikisano yapadziko lonse ukhale wogwira mtima.
Pa nthawi yomweyo, Li Xinchuang anatsindika panopa otsika ndende ya dziko langa zobwezerezedwanso zitsulo makampani. Mabungwe obwezeretsanso ndi mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati, ndipo ambiri mwa iwo ali "obalalika, achipwirikiti, ndi ang'onoang'ono". Kusonkhanitsa ndi kugawa, kukonza ndi kugawa maulalo ndi ofooka, ndipo mulingo wamagulu oyeretsedwa azinthu zosapanga dzimbiri komanso kusamalidwa kale ndi otsika.
Pamlingo waukadaulo, palinso kusiyana kwina pakati pa dziko langa ndi mayiko otukuka. Kubwezeretsanso umisiri wachitsulo wosagwiritsanso ntchito akhoza kugawidwa m'matekinoloje atatu molingana ndi kayendedwe kake. Imodzi ndi kusonkhanitsa zinthu ndi luso pretreatment; chinacho ndi luso lochotsa zinthu zosungunula; ndipo chachitatu ndi teknoloji yopangira mankhwala ndi zotsalira. M'malingaliro a He Zhiqiang, mavuto adziko langa amayang'ana kwambiri paukadaulo wakutsogolo komanso ukadaulo wamankhwala a slag kumbuyo.
Mwachindunji, ntchito zambiri zothyola ndi kukonzanso zinthu m'makampani a mkuwa ogwiritsiridwanso ntchito m'dziko langa akadali pamanja, ndi kusanja kwakukulu, kutulutsa koyipa koyipa, komanso kusowa kwaukadaulo wosankha bwino. M'makampani amtundu wa aluminiyumu yachiwiri, pali njira yopangira "ntchito yaying'ono", ndipo gulu la aluminiyamu ndi kusanja ukadaulo ndi m'mbuyo. Li Xinchuang adanena kuti mabizinesi ambiri ali ndi zida zosungunulira zam'mbuyo komanso kuwonongeka kwakukulu koyaka zotayidwa; zinthuzo zimakhala ndi zonyansa zambiri komanso khalidwe losakhazikika. Ngakhale zomera zamtundu wa aluminiyamu zina zakhala zikuyambitsa zida zamakono zopangira zida zamakono komanso zamakono, sizinagwire ntchito yawo chifukwa cha gwero la aluminiyumu yowonongeka komanso ndalama zambiri zopangira.
He Zhiqiang anatenga aluminium monga chitsanzo kuti apereke chiwerengero cha ziwerengero zomveka bwino: chifukwa cha luso lakumbuyo lakumbuyo, kusungunuka kwa zitini zosungunuka ndi zosakwana 78%. Ngati zipangizo zamakono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, chiwerengero cha kuchira chikhoza kuwonjezeka kufika pa 85%; chifukwa cha kuchira kwa slag Ukadaulo uli m'mbuyo. Mu 2019 mokha, kutayika kwachitsulo komwe kumayambitsa kusungunuka kwa mafakitale a aluminiyamu kudafika matani 1.27 miliyoni. Ngati luso lamakono likuvomerezedwa, kutayika kumeneku kungathe kuchepetsedwa ndi 70%, kuchepetsa kutaya kwa aluminiyamu ndi matani 1 miliyoni, ndi kuchepetsa mpweya wa carbon ndi matani 14.4 miliyoni; kupulumutsa magetsi madigiri 15 biliyoni, ofanana ndi kupanga magetsi pachaka kwa Gezhouba.
He Zhiqiang amakhulupirira kuti ndi koyenera kupanga ndondomeko yowonjezera yopititsa patsogolo pa dziko lonse, kufotokoza udindo wa onse ogwira nawo ntchito. Mwachitsanzo: udindo wa obwezeretsanso, udindo wa wotaya, udindo wa wopanga, udindo wa anthu, udindo wa boma, "zochita zonse zokhudzana nazo zimatsimikiziridwa ndi malamulo ndi malamulo, njira yokhayo yomwe imapangidwa motere ndiyothandiza."
Makampani osagwiritsa ntchito ferrous ndi amodzi mwa mafakitale asanu ndi atatu ofunika kwambiri pamsika wa carbon padziko lonse mtsogolomu, ndipo adzapeza mwayi wopititsa patsogolo mpweya wochepa wa carbon ataphatikizidwa mu msika wa carbon dziko. Li Xinchuang adawulula kuti momwe makampani osagwiritsa ntchito ferrous amatulutsa mpweya wa kaboni komanso kuwerengera zopereka zochepetsera mpweya wa kaboni zamalizidwa koyambirira, komanso zowerengera zamakampani omwe si a ferrous accounting accounting accounting nawonso adapangidwa koyambirira.
Munthu amene amayang’anira bungwe la China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association ananenanso momveka bwino posachedwapa kuti m’madipatimenti oyenerera aphunzira ndikupanga “Implementation Plan for Carbon Peak in the Non-ferrous Metals Industry” ndipo akufuna kuyesetsa kukhala woyamba kukwaniritsa nsonga ya mpweya mu 2025. Dongosololi ndi labwino kuposa nsonga yapadziko lonse lapansi ya carbon. Nthawi yofikira pachimake ndi zaka 5 pasadakhale nthawi yomwe idakonzedweratu. M'malingaliro a Li Xinchuang, kuchuluka kwa kufunikira kwamakampani opanga zitsulo zongowonjezwdwa kosakhala ndi chitsulo kudzapitilira zaka ziwiri zapitazi, kudzagwira ntchito yayikulu pakuteteza zida, komanso kudzachitanso ntchito yakale yochepetsa mpweya wa mpweya.
(Wolemba: Wang Chen Mkonzi: Zhou Shangqi)
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-19-2021