"Siqale ukufaka isicelo salo msebenzi ekuqaleni konyaka odlule. Ngenxa yezizathu ezehlukene, siqale ukufaka isicelo se-EIA ngesikhathi soMkhosi Wasentwasahlobo kulo nyaka. Njengamanje, iphrojekthi isabambekile ku-EIA, futhi ukuqala kokwakhiwa kuthinteke ngezinga elithile. Kungenxa yokuthi iphrojekthi yethu yesibili ye-aluminium ihlukaniswa njenge-2 High'." Umuntu ongaphakathi embonini ohlanganyela ekukhiqizeni i-aluminium egaywe kabusha utshele i-21st Century Business Herald ukuthi ibhizinisi lakhe le-aluminium eseligaywe kabusha lisabambekile ohlelweni lokuhlola umthelela kwezemvelo futhi belingakaqali ukwakha ngemva konyaka nesigamu kusungulwa ngempumelelo iphrojekthi.
Isimo kule nkampani akusona sodwa. “Uhlelo Lweminyaka Eyi-14 Lweminyaka Emihlanu Lokuthuthukiswa Komnotho Weziyingi” olwakhishwa yiKhomishana Kazwelonke Yentuthuko Nezinguquko ekuqaleni kukaJulayi lwabeka umgomo wonyaka wokukhipha amathani ayizigidi eziyi-11.50 embonini yesibili ye-aluminium ngo-2025. Sekukonke, “uHlelo” luhlongoza ukuthuthukisa izinga lokucutshungulwa nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ezivuselelekayo, ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinsiza ezisezingeni, ezisetshenziswayo futhi zihlanzwe kabusha ukuze zihlanzeke, zisetshenziswe futhi zihlanzeke kabusha. ukuhlanganisa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zezinsiza ezivuselelekayo. Ukukhiqizwa kwezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi ezigaywe kabusha kuzofinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-20 ngonyaka wezi-2025, lapho ukukhiqizwa kwethusi eligaywe kabusha nomthofu ophinde wagaywa kabusha kuzofinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezi-4 kanye namathani ayizigidi ezi-2.9 ngokulandelana. Embonini yezinsimbi ezingasetshenziswa kabusha, ngokungangabazeki lezi yizindaba ezinhle zokuthuthukisa isimilo.
Kodwa empeleni, lokho ochwepheshe ababhekene nakho akukona nje kuphela isimo sengqondo esihle ekwakhiweni kwezinga eliphezulu, kodwa futhi amanye amaphuzu abalulekile kulo lonke uchungechunge lwenqubomgomo okudingeka acaciswe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Umnotho oyindilinga noma "ukuphakama okubili"?
Isikhathi eside, imboni yezwe lami yokuncibilikisa insimbi engeyona insimbi ibithembele ekuxhashazweni kwemithombo yemvelo. Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi imithombo yamaminerali iyimithombo yemvelo engavuseleleki, ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yezimayini, isikhathi esisebenzayo sokumbiwa kwezakhi eziningi sesiphelile. Ukugaywa kabusha kwezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi kube negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni komnotho nenhlalakahle yezwe lethu, ikakhulukazi ngoba kunciphisa kakhulu isidingo sokumba izinsiza ezingavuseleleki ngokusebenzisa izimayini.
Ngokuka-Li Xinchuang, uNobhala weKomidi Leqembu kanye Nonjiniyela Omkhulu we-Metallurgical Industry Planning and Research Institute, uma kuqhathaniswa nemisebenzi evamile yokukhiqiza insimbi engeyona ayoni, izinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi ezigaywe kabusha zinezinzuzo ezivelele kakhulu mayelana nezinzuzo zemvelo. Ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi okungeyona ayoni kanye nenqubo yokuncibilika kwendabuko kudinga ukukhishwa kwenani elikhulu lezinhlayiya, i-sulphur dioxide nezinye izinto ezingcolisa igesi engcolile, kanye nezinsalela zamanzi angcolile nezincibilika, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwawo kuhambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwezimayini zensimbi ezingenayo insimbi, okuzodala umonakalo omkhulu endaweni yemvelo yemvelo.
U-Li Xinchuang ukholelwa ukuthi njengendlela yokuvuselela udoti oqinile, ukugaywa kabusha kwensimbi okungeyona ayoni kuyimboni yokuvikela imvelo. Isibonelo, ngaphansi komkhuba wokwanda kwesidingo sokugcinwa kwamandla ebhethri, ukulahlwa okufanele kwamabhethri alahlwayo kuhlobene kakhulu nakho. Futhi kumongo womgomo “wekhabhoni embaxambili”, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yensimbi engeyona insimbi egaywe kabusha iphinde ibe nokubaluleka okuhle ekukhuthazeni imboni yensimbi engeyona ayoni ukuze ifinyelele isiqongo sayo kusenesikhathi futhi ikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo semboni yensimbi engeyona insimbi egaywe kabusha.
Umuntu ophethe ibhizinisi osekuyiminyaka eminingi esebenza embonini yensimbi engasetshenziswa kabusha egayiwe kabusha iminyaka eminingi utshele i-21st Century Business Herald ukuthi ukuthatha nje i-aluminiyamu egaywe kabusha njengesibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ohlelweni lokuncibilikisa i-aluminium egaywe kabusha kungu-4% kuya ku-5% kuphela wokuncibilikisa i-aluminiyamu ye-electrolytic. Futhi esimisweni sokuhlangabezana nezinga likazwelonke lokuphonsa i-aluminium alloy impahla eluhlaza, ukukhishwa ngesikhathi senqubo yesibili yokuncibilikisa i-aluminium ikakhulukazi inani elincane lama-nitrogen oxide. "Ngakho-ke, amaphrojekthi ensimbi angasetshenziswa kabusha enziwe kabusha kufanele abe embonini yomnotho oyindilinga."
Kodwa empeleni akunjalo. Ngaphandle kwalaba bangaphakathi embonini okukhulunywe ngabo ngenhla abahlangabezane nobunzima kusixhumanisi se-EIA, umuntu ophethe inkampani eshiwo ngenhla uphinde wathi inkampani ihlangabezane nezinkinga zokufinyelela eziningi noma ezincane kumaphrojekthi ayo ensimbi angasetshenziswa kabusha ezingxenyeni eziningi zezwe. "Lapho simisa iphrojekthi, kuyadingeka njalo ukuchaza kuziphathimandla zendawo ukuthi iphrojekthi yethu ihlukile ekuncibilikiseni insimbi okungeyona eyensimbi evamile. Isebenzisa amandla amancane kanye nokukhishwa okuncane. Kwezinye izindawo lapho iphrojekthi ithatha isigamu sonyaka kuphela, sidinga unyaka owodwa. Esikhathini esidlule, kwakudingeka owodwa kuphela. Kithina, ukuhlolwa komthelela kwemvelo kuzothatha okungenani izinyanga ezintathu, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nengxenye yonyaka."
Ubunzima bokufinyelela obubangelwa ukuhlukaniswa ngokuthi “ukuphakama okubili” kwandise kakhulu yonke inqubo yephrojekthi kusukela ekuqalisweni kwayo kuye ekwakheni. Ngenxa yokubambezeleka kokuqala umsebenzi, izinkampani ezingakwazi ukuthola imvume yokusebenza zingaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu ochungechungeni lwemali. Ngaso leso sikhathi, kuphinde kwabangela ukuthi eminye imisebenzi yokutshalwa kwezimali neyezimali ilahlekelwe isineke embonini yensimbi egaywe kabusha.
Kungani imboni yensimbi egaywe kabusha, ebhalwe ngokusobala njengemboni ebalulekile ohlelweni lomnotho oyindilinga, ihlukaniswa ngokuthi “ukuphakama okubili” ezinqubweni ezithile ezingokoqobo? Umuntu ophethe le nkampani eshiwo ngenhla uthe lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuncibilikiswa kwe-aluminium yesibili kanye nethusi lesibili kwahlukaniswa ngokuqondile ngokuthi “ukuncibilikiswa kwe-aluminium” kanye “nokuncibilikiswa kwethusi” “Okuhlukaniswa Kwemboni Yezomnotho Kazwelonke” ekhishwe ngo-2017.
“Uhlu Oluphelele Lokuvikelwa Kwemvelo” olubuyekezwe uMnyango Wezemvelo Nezemvelo ngo-2020 seluvele lwakhipha ohlwini lwethusi olugaywe kabusha kanye ne-aluminium egaywe kabusha. Ngakho-ke, odokotela ababili okukhulunywe ngabo ngenhla baphinde bazwakalisa ukuqonda kwabo ngokuhlukaniswa kwendawo kwemboni “kumazinga amabili aphezulu”: “Eminyangweni yendawo yokuvikela imvelo, ukungaboni ngaso linye phakathi kwezinqubomgomo akukhona ukuthi yenze izinqumo ngokuqondile. Iminyango yendawo efanele nayo inethemba lokuthi Le nkinga ingaxazululeka ngokushesha.”
Njengamanje, izinkampani eziningi zibike izinkinga ezihlangabezane nazo ezinhlanganweni zezimboni. U-He Zhiqiang, umqondisi wezobuchwepheshe we-Recycling Metal Branch ye-China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association, utshele i-21st Century Business Herald ukuthi babike lezi zinkinga eminyangweni efanele futhi baxhumana ngokuzimisela.
Izixhumanisi eziningi ezibuthakathaka zidinga ukugcwaliswa ngokushesha
Inguquko yesakhiwo sohlangothi lwe-supply side yemboni yensimbi engeyona i-ferrous ibilokhu ithuthuka njalo eminyakeni yamuva. Ukugxila kanye nesikali somkhakha bekulokhu kukhuphuka kancane, futhi inani lokuphumayo liye lafinyelela izikhathi eziphakeme zomlando ngokuphindaphindiwe. Njengamanje, ngokwenani, ukukhiqizwa kwezwe lami kwezinsimbi eziyishumi ezingenayo insimbi kuhamba kuqala emhlabeni.
Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, u-He Zhiqiang uphinde wagcizelela inkomba ebalulekile: isabelo semakethe. Mayelana nesabelo semakethe, imboni yezwe lami yensimbi engasetshenziswa kabusha isasemuva. Ngo-2020, ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwezinsimbi ezine ezinkulu ze-aluminium, ithusi, i-zinc, kanye nomthofu ezweni lami cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingu-77.6, lapho amathani ayizigidi ezingu-21.5 ezinsimbi ezigaywe kabusha, ezibalelwa ku-27.8% wokusetshenziswa, aphansi ngo-35.3% kunesilinganiso somhlaba, esingamaphesenti angu-7.5 amaphuzu aphansi kunalawo mazwe athuthukile. Isilinganiso sikazwelonke sama-45% siqhelelene kakhulu.
U-He Zhiqiang utshele i-21st Century Business Herald ukuthi lokhu kubangelwa ikakhulukazi isizinda esikhulu sokukhiqiza sezinsimbi eziyisisekelo kanye nokungaqapheli kahle kwezinsizakusebenza kabusha emphakathini wonke. “Ikakhulukazi, ezinye izindawo zicabanga ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zensimbi ezingenayo imfucuza kuwukubonakaliswa 'kokubuyela emuva nobumpofu.' Manje njengoba izwe lethu selinemali, kufanele sisebenzise izinto ezimbiwa phansi ezingcono kakhulu nezimba eqolo. Abanye abantu bakholelwa ngephutha ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zensimbi ezingenayo insimbi Kuyimboni enokungcoliswa okuphezulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu Ilinganisa izinsalela zensimbi ezingezona ezoniwe kanye 'nodoti wangaphandle', futhi yenqaba imfucumfucu yensimbi engenawo amandla okuguqula isimo somnotho kabusha imboni yensimbi engeyona ayoni. Intuthuko esheshayo nenempilo yenza kube nzima ukuthi amathuba azuzwe ohlelweni lokuncintisana kwamazwe ngamazwe aphumelele.
Ngaso leso sikhathi, u-Li Xinchuang uphinde wagcizelela ukugxila okuphansi kwamanje kwemboni yezwe yami egaywe kabusha yensimbi. Izinkampani ezigaya kabusha ngokuyinhloko zingamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo, futhi iningi lawo lisesimweni “sokuhlakazeka, isiphithiphithi, nesincane”. Izixhumanisi zokuqoqwa nokusabalalisa, ukucubungula nokusabalalisa azinamandla, futhi izinga lokuhlukaniswa kwempahla eluhlaza kanye nokwelashwa kwangaphambili liphansi.
Ezingeni lobuchwepheshe, kukhona futhi igebe elithile phakathi kwezwe lami namazwe athuthukile. Ubuchwepheshe bokugaywa kabusha kwensimbi enganayo insimbi bungahlukaniswa ngobuchwepheshe obuthathu ngokuya ngokugeleza kwenqubo. Enye iwukuqoqwa kwezinto kanye nobuchwepheshe bokwelapha ngaphambi kwesikhathi; enye iwubuchwepheshe bokuncibilika kwezinto ezibonakalayo; kanti okwesithathu ubuchwepheshe bokwelashwa komkhiqizo kanye nezinsalela. Ngokombono ka-He Zhiqiang, izinkinga zezwe lami zigxile kakhulu kubuchwepheshe bokwelapha bangaphambili kanye nobuchwepheshe bokwelapha be-slag basemuva.
Ikakhulukazi, inani elikhulu lomsebenzi wokudilizwa nowokugaywa kabusha embonini yethusi egaywe kabusha yezwe lami zisasebenza ngesandla, nokuhlelwa okubanzi, ukukhishwa kokungcola okubi kakhulu, kanye nokuntuleka kobuchwepheshe bokuhlunga obucwengisisiwe. Embonini yesibili ye-aluminium, kusekhona indlela yokukhiqiza "i-workshop encane", futhi ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto ze-aluminium kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuhlunga kubuyela emuva. U-Li Xinchuang uthe inani elikhulu lamabhizinisi anemishini yokuncibilikisa emuva kanye nokulahlekelwa okukhulu kokushiswa kwe-aluminium; imikhiqizo inokungcola okuphezulu kanye nekhwalithi engazinzile. Nakuba izitshalo ze-aluminium yesibili ngazinye zethule amasethi aphelele aphelele emhlabeni wonke emishini yokukhiqiza nobuchwepheshe, azikadlali indima yazo efanele ngenxa yomthombo we-aluminium esele kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza eziphezulu.
U-He Zhiqiang uthathe i-aluminium njengesibonelo ukuze anikeze isethi yezibalo ezinembile: ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bokubuyela emuva, izinga lokubuyisela ukuncibilika kwamathini lingaphansi kwama-78%. Uma ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe busetshenziswa, izinga lokubuyisela lingakhuphuka libe ngaphezu kwama-85%; ngenxa yokubuyiselwa kwe-slag Ubuchwepheshe buhlehlisiwe. Ngo-2019 kuphela, ukulahleka kwensimbi okubangelwe ukuncibilika kwemboni ye-aluminium kwafinyelela kumathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.27. Uma kwamukelwa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili, lokhu kulahlekelwa kungancishiswa ngaphezu kwe-70%, ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kokushiswa kwe-aluminium ngamathani ayizigidi ezingu-1, nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngamathani ayizigidi ezingu-14.4; ukonga ugesi ngamadigri ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-15, okulingana nokuphehlwa kukagesi kwaminyaka yonke kwe-Gezhouba.
U-He Zhiqiang ukholelwa ukuthi kuyadingeka ukwenza uhlelo oluphelele lokukhushulwa ezingeni likazwelonke, oluchaza izibopho ezifanayo zabo bonke abathintekayo. Isibonelo: isibopho somshini kabusha, umthwalo womlahli, umthwalo womkhiqizi, indima yomphakathi, indima kahulumeni, "yonke imisebenzi ehlobene inqunywa ngemithetho neziqondiso, umshini owenziwe ngale ndlela kuphela osebenzayo."
Imboni engeyona i-ferrous nayo ingenye yezimboni eziyisishiyagalombili ezibalulekile emakethe yekhabhoni kazwelonke esikhathini esizayo, futhi izothola amathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa ikhabhoni ephansi ngemva kokufakwa emakethe yekhabhoni kazwelonke. U-Li Xinchuang uveze ukuthi isimo samanje sokukhishwa kwekhabhoni embonini engeyona eyeyoni kanye nokubalwa kweminikelo yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni sekuqediwe ekuqaleni, futhi amazinga okubalwa kwe-carbon emission embonini engeyona eyensimbi nawo asesunguliwe ekuqaleni.
Umuntu ophethe i-China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association naye ukubeke kwacaca esikhathini esingeside esidlule ukuthi iminyango efanele isifundile futhi yakha “Implementation Plan for Carbon Peak in the Non-ferrous Metals Industry” futhi yahlongoza ukulwela ukuba ngowokuqala ukuzuza isiqongo sekhabhoni ngo-2025. Lolu hlelo lungcono kune-carbon peak kazwelonke. Isikhathi sokufinyelela umgomo ophakeme okungenani iminyaka emi-5 ngaphambi kweshejuli. Ngokubona kuka-Li Xinchuang, izinga lokukhula kwesidingo semboni yensimbi engaphekiwe evuselelekayo lizoqhubeka nokukhula ngesivinini kule minyaka emibili edlule, lizodlala indima enkulu ekuvikelweni kwezinsiza, futhi lizokwenza nomsebenzi womlando wokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni.
(Umbhali: Wang Chen Umhleli: Zhou Shangqi)
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-19-2021