"Siqale ukufaka isicelo sephrojekthi ekuqaleni konyaka owedlule. Ngase siqale ukufaka isicelo se-EIA umkhosi wentwasahlobo kulo nyaka. Umkhakha wangaphakathi ohlanganyele ekukhiqizeni i-aluminium esetshenziswe kabusha etshele leli bhizinisi leminyaka le-21 elithi aluminium ebhizinisi le-Aluminium abhalwe enqubweni yokuhlola umthelela emvelweni futhi engazange aqale ukwakhiwa ngemuva konyaka nesigamu ngemuva kokusungulwa ngempumelelo kwephrojekthi.
Isimo kuleli nkampani asisodwa. "Uhlelo lweminyaka emihlanu lokuthuthukiswa komnotho oluyindilinga" olukhishwe yi-National Development and Reform Commission ekuqaleni kukaJulayi amathani akhipha imali ayizigidi eziyi-11.50 embonini evuselelekayo, ukuthuthukisa izinsizakusebenza ezivuselelekayo, kanye nokukhuthaza i-agglomeration kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinsizakusebenza ezivuselelekayo Izimboni. Ukukhishwa kwezinsimbi ezingezona kabusha ezingezinhle zizofinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingama-20 ngonyaka ka-2025, lapho umphumela wethuli ophinde wasebenza futhi uzofika futhi amathani ayizigidi ezi-4 kanye namathani ayizigidi eziyi-2.9 ngokulandelana. Embonini ye-Reserycled Not-Ferrous Metals Weters, lokhu ngokungangabazeki izindaba ezinhle ukukhulisa isimilo.
Kepha eqinisweni, yibuphi ochwepheshe ababhekene nalo akusona nje kuphela isimo sengqondo esihle ekwakhiweni kwezinga eliphakeme, kodwa futhi namanye amaphuzu asemqoka kulo lonke lwenqubomgomo yenqubomgomo edinga ukucaciswa ngokushesha okukhulu.
Umnotho oyindilinga noma "ukuphakama okubili"?
Isikhathi eside, imboni ye-Metal ye-Metal yezwe yami engenasisekelo ithembele ekuxhashazweni kwemithombo yezemvelo. Kodwa-ke, ngoba izinsizakusebenza ezimbiwaneli ziyimithombo yemvelo engavuselelwa, ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi yezimayini, isikhathi esisebenzayo sezimayini zezinto eziningi siphelile. Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwezinsimbi ezingezona ze-Ferrous kwenze umnikelo omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni komnotho nezenhlalo yezwe lethu, ikakhulukazi ngoba kunciphisa kakhulu isidingo sokukhipha izinsizakusebenza ezingavuselelwa ngezokumbiwa phansi ngezokumbiwa phansi.
NgokukaLi Xinchuang, unobhala weKomiti Yeqembu nonjiniyela Obukhulu be-Metallurgical Planning Planning Planning and Christian Institute, uma kuqhathaniswa nemisebenzi yokukhiqiza yensimbi engeyona eyesiko, izinsimbi ezingezona ze-Ferrous zinezinzuzo ezivelele kakhulu ngokuya ngezinzuzo zezemvelo. Ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi okwedlule kwendabuko kanye nenqubo yokushintshanisa kudinga ukuphuma kwenani elikhulu lento eyinhlanganisela, i-sulphur dioxide nokunye ukungcoliswa kwamanzi okungcola kanye nokushintshana kwenkungu kanye nokushintshana kwenkundla, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwayo kuhambisana nokulimala okungathi sína kwemvelo yemvelo.
U-Li Xinchuang ukholelwa ukuthi njengendlela yokuvuselela imfucuza eqinile, ukungasebenzi kwensimbi okungelona iqiniso ngokwayo kuyimboni yokuvikela imvelo. Isibonelo, ngaphansi komkhuba wokufunwa okwandayo kwesitoreji samandla ebhethri, ukulahlwa kwamabhethri okungcola kuhlobene kakhulu nakho. Nangokwetheksthi 'ye-mable carbon "embonini yensimbi engasebenzi kahle nayo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni imboni yensimbi engeyona eyokufezeka ukuze ifinyeleleke ngaphambili futhi ithuthukise ukuthuthuka kwesakhiwo semali esingesihle esingesihle.
Umuntu ophethe ibhizinisi elenzelwe embonini yensimbi esetshenzisiwe iminyaka eminingi etshelwe ibhizinisi lama-21 laseCeneld athatha nje i-aluminium elisetshenzisiwe kuphela ama-4% kuya ku-5% we-electrolytic aluminium smelleng kuphela. Futhi esibonelweni sokuhlangana ne-Aluminium Alcong Aluminium Alloy eluhlaza eluhlaza, ukukhishwa ngesikhathi senqubo ye-aluminium smelting ikakhulukazi kuyinto encane kakhulu ye-nitrogen oxides. "Eqinisweni, eqinisweni, amaphrojekthi wensimbi angenayo ama-non-ferrous kufanele abe ewomkhakha wezomnotho oyindilinga."
Kepha empeleni akunjalo. Ngaphandle kwale mboni engashiwongo ngenhla komkhakha ehlangabezana nobunzima esixhumanisi se-EIA, umuntu ophethe inkampani ebalulwe ngenhla futhi wathi inkampani ihlangabezane nezinkinga eziningi zensimbi ezingezona ezivuselelwayo ezingxenyeni eziningi zezwe. "Lapho usetha iphrojekthi, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlale uchaze iziphathimandla zendawo ukuthi iphrojekthi yethu ihluke kakhulu ekunciphiseni kwensimbi okungekho emthethweni. Kusesikhathini esisodwa lapho kutholakala khona iphrojekthi."
Ubunzima bokuthola obubangelwa ukuhlukaniswa ngokuthi "ukuphakama okubili" kwandisa kakhulu inqubo yonke yephrojekthi kusuka ekusungulweni kokwakha. Ngenxa yokubambezeleka emsebenzini wokuqalisa, izinkampani ezingeke zithole imvume yokusebenza zingaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu ku-Capital Chain. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuye kwabangela ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye nemisebenzi yokuxhasa ngezimali ukuthi ilahle ukubekezela embonini yensimbi eyenziwe kabusha.
Kungani imboni yensimbi eyenziwe kabusha, ehlelwe ngokusobala njengemboni ebalulekile ohlelweni lomnotho oyindilinga, ihlukaniswa ngokuthi "ukuphakama okubili" ezinkulwini ezithile ezisebenzayo? Umuntu ophethe leli bhizinisi elishiwo ngenhla ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ithusi le-aluminium nelesibili lahlukaniswa ngokuqondile ngokuthi "ukubhema kwe-aluminium" kanye "nokubhema kwezomnotho" kukhishwe ngo-2017.
"Uhlu oluphelele lokuvikelwa kwezemvelo" oluvuselelwe uMnyango Wezemvelo kanye nemvelo ngo-2020 seluvele lubekwe kabusha ithusi elisetshenzisiwe ne-aluminium esetshenzisiwe. Ngakho-ke, abasebenzi ababili okushiwo ngenhla futhi bazwakalise nokuqonda kwabo ukuhlukaniswa kwemboni kwendawo "ezindaweni eziphakeme zendawo": "Iminyango yokuvikela imvelo yasendaweni, iminyango yendawo efanelekile nayo inethemba lokuthi le nkinga ingasombululwa kungekudala."
Njengamanje, izinkampani eziningi zibike izinkinga abahlangabezana nazo nezinhlangano zezimboni. U-zhiqiang, umqondisi wezobuchwepheshe wegatsha le-recycling yensimbi ye-China anferrous Metals Imboni Association, utshele abe yimali ye-21st Century Business ukuthi babike lezi zinkinga eminyangweni efanelekile futhi baxoxiswa ngenkuthalo.
Izixhumanisi eziningi ezibuthakathaka zidinga ukugcwaliswa ngokushesha
Ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo ezihlangene embonini yensimbi engeyona eyomfel. Ukuhlushwa kanye nezinga lomkhakha bezilokhu zanda ngokuqinile, futhi inani lokuphuma lishaye kaninginingi. Njengamanje, ngokwesilinganiso, ukuphuma kwezwe lami kwezinsimbi eziyishumi ezingezona ze-Ferrous ziqala emhlabeni.
Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, yena uZhiqiang ugcizelele inkomba ebalulekile: isabelo semakethe. Mayelana nesabelo semakethe, imboni yensimbi engasebenzi yezwe engasebenzi kahle isemuva emuva. Ngo-2020, ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwezinsimbi ezinkulu ezine ze-aluminium, yethusi, i-zinc, kanye nokuhola amathani ami amathani angu-27,5, okuyi-75.3% amaphoyinti aphansi kunawo wonke amazwe athuthukile. Isilinganiso sikazwelonke sama-45% sihlukane kakhulu.
U-zhiqiang utshele leli bhizinisi lama-21 likhulumekile ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yesisekelo esikhulu sokukhiqiza izinsimbi eziyisisekelo kanye nokuqwashisa kahle kwezinsizakusebenza emphakathini wonke. "Ikakhulu, ezinye izindawo zicabanga ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokwenziwa kwensimbi ezingezonakalisiwe kuwukubonakaliswa kobunzima nobuphofu. ' Manje njengoba izwe lethu linemali, kufanele sisebenzise izinto ezimnandi kakhulu futhi ezibizayo kakhulu. Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingezona zensimbi ezingezona neze-forrous ngezomkhakha wezomnotho. "Lezi zimo azihambisani neChina i-donrocled engeyona eyesiko embonini yensimbi. Intuthuko esheshayo nenempilo yenza kube nzima ngamathuba atholwe kwinqubo yomncintiswano wamazwe omhlaba ukuze aphumelele.
Ngasikhathi sinye, uLi Xinchuangeaang ubuye wagcizelela nokuhlushwa okuphansi kwamanje kwemboni yensimbi yezwe lami elisetshenzisiwe. Amabhizinisi asebenzisa kabusha anamabhizinisi amancane amancane naphakathi nendawo, futhi iningi lawo lisesimweni se- "Spithed, isiphithiphithi, kanye nencane". Ukuqoqwa kanye nokusabalalisa, ukucubungula kanye nokuhlaziya izixhumanisi zibuthakathaka, futhi izinga lokuhlaziywa okuhlaziyiwe okucwengekile kanye nokuhlekisa kuphansi.
Ezingeni lobuchwepheshe, kukhona negebe elithile eliphakathi kwezwe lami namazwe athuthukile. Ubuchwepheshe bensimbi obungelona iqiniso bungahlukaniswa ubuchwepheshe abathathu ngokuya ngokugeleza kwenqubo. Eyodwa iqoqo lezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuhlekisa; elinye lingubuchwepheshe bokukhishwa kwe-extluction techning; Futhi okwesithathu kungokomkhiqizo kanye nezinsalela zokwelashwa kobuchwepheshe. Ekubukeni kuka-zhiqiang, izinkinga zezwe lami zigxila kakhulu kubuchwepheshe bokubonisa ukwenziwa kwangaphambili kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuphathwa kwe-back-end Slag.
Ngokukhethekile, inani elikhulu lokudiliza kanye nokuphinda usebenzise kabusha umsebenzi embonini yethusi yezwe elisebenzisa kabusha lisasebenza kabusha, ngokuhlunga okukhulu, ukungcoliswa kokungcola okukhulu, kanye nokuntuleka kobuchwepheshe bokuhlelwa okucwengekile. Embonini ye-aluminium yesibili, kusekhona indlela yokukhiqiza "encane", kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ze-aluminium kanye nokwahlulwa kobuchwepheshe emuva. ULi Xinchuang uthe inani elikhulu lamabhizinisi linemishini yokushintshana emuva emuva kanye nokulahleka okukhulu okuvuthayo kwe-aluminium; Imikhiqizo inokuqukethwe okuphezulu okungcolile nekhwalithi engazinzile. Yize izitshalo ze-aluminium zesibili ngasese zilethule amasethi aphelele wezobuchwepheshe obuqediwe emhlabeni, abakaze badlale indima yabo efanele ngenxa yomthombo we-aluminium ye-scrap kanye nezindleko eziphezulu zokukhiqiza.
Yena uZhiqiang wathatha i-aluminium njengesibonelo ukunikeza isethi yezibalo ezinembile: ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bokuhlehlisa emuva, izinga lokucibilikisa ukululama kwamathini lingaphansi kwama-78%. Uma kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, izinga lokutakula lingandiswa libe ngaphezu kwama-85%; Ngenxa yokululama kwe-slag ubuchwepheshe emuva. Ngo-2019 kuphela, ukulahleka kwensimbi okubangelwa ukuncibilika komkhakha we-aluminium kufinyelelwe amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1,27. Uma kutholwa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, lokhu kulahleka kungancishiswa ngaphezu kwama-70%, kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa yi-aluminium evuthayo ngamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1, futhi kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngamathani ayizigidi eziyi-14,4; Igcina ugesi ama-degree ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-15, okulingana nesizukulwane samandla saseGezhouBa.
Yena uZhiqiang ukholelwa ukuthi kuyadingeka ukwakha uhlelo oluphelele lokuphakanyiswa ezingeni likazwelonke, echaza izibopho ezijwayelekile zabo bonke ababambe iqhaza. Isibonelo: Isibopho salowo owenziwe kabusha, umthwalo wemfanelo womenzi, iqhaza lomphakathi, iqhaza likahulumeni, "yonke imisebenzi ehlobene inqunywa ngale ndlela iyasebenza."
Imboni engeyona eyomferyi futhi ingenye yezimboni eziyisishiyagalombili ezibalulekile emakethe kazwelonke yekhabhoni ngokuzayo, futhi izothola amathuba aphansi okuthuthukiswa kwekhabhoni ngemuva kokufakwa emakethe kazwelonke yekhabhoni. ULi Xinchuang wembula ukuthi isimo samanje sokukhishwa kwekhabhoni embonini engathandeki kanye nokubalwa kweminikelo yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kuqediwe ekuqaleni, futhi amazinga okubalwa kwezimboni ezingewona ama-forbon accounting aqale kwakhiwa.
Umuntu ophethe i-China Vonferrous Metal Metals Indikimba Association futhi wakwenza kwacaca kungekudala ukuthi iminyango efanelekile isifundele futhi yahlamba ngokuthi "uhlelo lokuqalisa lwe-carbon peak embonini ka-2025. Lolu hlelo lungcono kune-National Carbon Peak. Isikhathi sokufinyelela ithagethi eliphakeme okungenani iminyaka emi-5 ngaphambi kohlelo. Ngokubukwa kukaLi Xinchuang, izinga lokukhula kwesidingo semboni yensimbi elingavusiwe lizoqhubeka nokusheshisa eminyakeni emibili edlule, lizodlala indima enkulu ekuvikelweni kwezinsizakusebenza, futhi sizokwenza futhi nomsebenzi ongokomlando wokuncishiswa kwe-carbon.
(Umbhali: Wang Chen Editor: Zhou Shangqi)
Isikhathi sePosi: Aug-19-2021