"Takatanga kunyorera chirongwa ichi pakutanga kwegore rapfuura. Nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana, takangotanga kunyorera EIA panguva yeMutambo weChirimo gore rino. Parizvino, chirongwa ichi chakamira muEIA, uye kutanga kwekuvaka kwakakanganiswa kusvika padanho rakati. Imhaka yekuti chirongwa chedu chealuminum chechipiri chakaiswa muchikamu chepamusoro." Mumwe muindasitiri ari kuita basa rekugadzira aruminiyamu yakadzokororwa akaudza 21st Century Business Herald kuti bhizinesi rake rakadzokororwa realuminium rakanga rakanamira muhurongwa hwekuongorora kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza uye rakanga risati ratanga kuvaka mushure megore nehafu mushure mekubudirira kwekutanga chirongwa.
Mamiriro ezvinhu mukambani iyi haasi oga. The "14th Five-Year Plan for Circular Economy Development" yakabudiswa neNational Development and Reform Commission mukutanga kwaChikunguru yakaisa gore negore goho rematani emamiriyoni e11.50 kune yechipiri indasitiri yealuminium panosvika 2025. Pakati pese, "Chirongwa" chinopa zano rekuvandudza mwero wekugadzirisa uye kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa zvinodzokororwa, kusimudzira chiyero, kuvandudza uye kuchenesa zviwanikwa, kusimudzira chiyero, kuvandudza uye kuchenesa midziyo. agglomeration uye kuvandudza renewable resources maindasitiri. Kubuda kwesimbi dzakadzokororwa dzisiri dzesimbi kuchasvika 20 miriyoni matani panosvika 2025, apo kubuda kwemhangura yakadzokororwa nemutobvu yakadzokororwa ichasvikawo 4 miriyoni matani uye 2.9 miriyoni matani zvichiteerana. Kune iyo inodzokororwa isiri-ferrous simbi indasitiri, izvi pasina mubvunzo nhau dzakanaka dzekusimudzira tsika.
Asi chaizvoizvo, izvo vashandi vari kutarisana nazvo haisi mafungiro akanaka chete mukugadzirwa kwepamusoro-soro, asiwo mamwe mazano anokosha mumaketani ose emitemo anoda kujekeswa nokukurumidza sezvinobvira.
Upfumi hwedenderedzwa kana "mbiri dzakakwirira"?
Kwenguva yakareba, indasitiri yekunyungudutsa simbi yenyika yangu yakatsamira pakushandiswa kwezviwanikwa. Nekudaro, nekuti zviwanikwa zvemaminerari hazvigone kudzoreredzwa zviwanikwa, mushure memakore mazhinji ekuchera migodhi, nguva inoshanda yekucherwa kwezvinhu zvakawanda yapera. Kudzokororwa kwesimbi dzisina ferrous kwakapa mupiro wakakura mukusimudzira hupfumi nemagariro enyika yedu, zvikuru nekuti kunodzikisira zvakanyanya kudiwa kwekuchera zviwanikwa zvisingadzoreki kuburikidza nemigodhi.
Sekureva kwaLi Xinchuang, Secretary of the Party Committee uye Chief Engineer weMetallurgical Industry Planning and Research Institute, zvichienzaniswa nemaitiro echinyakare asiri-ferrous kugadzirwa kwesimbi, simbi dzakadzokororwa dzisiri ferrous dzine zvakanakira zvakanyanya maererano nemabhenefiti ezvakatipoteredza. Iyo yechinyakare isiri-ferrous simbi kugadzirwa uye kunyungudutswa kunoda kuburitswa kwehuwandu hwakakura hwezvinhu, sulfur dioxide nezvimwe zvinosvibisa gasi remarara, pamwe chete nemvura yakasviba uye inonyungudutsa tsvina yemarara, uye kugadzirwa kwayo kunoperekedzwa nekuvandudzwa kwemigodhi yesimbi isina ferrous, izvo zvinokonzeresa kukuvadza kwakakomba kune zvakasikwa zvakasikwa zvakatipoteredza.
Li Xinchuang anotenda kuti senzira yekudzoreredza tsvina yakasimba, isiri-ferrous simbi inodzokorodza pachayo iindasitiri yekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza. Semuenzaniso, pasi pemaitiro ekuwedzera kudiwa kwekuchengetedza simba rebhatiri, kuraswa kwakakodzera kwemabhatiri emarara kunoenderana nazvo. Uye muchirevo chechinangwa che "dual carbon", kusimudzirwa kweindasitiri yesimbi isina-ferrous yakakoshawo kusimudzira indasitiri yesimbi isina-ferrous kusvika pakakwirira mberi uye kukurudzira kuvandudzwa kweiyo yakadzokororwa isiri-ferrous metal industry chimiro.
Mumwe munhu anoona nezvebhizinesi anga achishanda muindasitiri yesimbi isina ferrous kwemakore akawanda akaudza 21st Century Business Herald kuti kungotora aruminiyamu yakadzokororwa semuenzaniso, kushandiswa kwesimba mukunyungudutsa kwealuminium yakadzokororwa ingori 4% kusvika 5% ye electrolytic aluminium smelting. Uye pachitarisiko chekusangana nenyika yekukanda aruminiyamu alloy raw material standard, kuburitsa panguva yechipiri aruminiyamu kunyungudutsa kunonyanya kuita kushoma kwenitrogen oxide. "Saka kutaura zvazviri, mapurojekiti esimbi asina-ferrous anofanira kunge ari eindasitiri yehupfumi."
Asi chaizvoizvo hazvisizvo. Kunze kwevambotaurwa muindasitiri vakasangana nematambudziko muEIA link, munhu anoona nezvekambani yadudzwa pamusoro akatiwo kambani yakasangana nematambudziko akawanda kana mashoma mumapurojekiti ayo esimbi asina ferrous munzvimbo dzakawanda dzenyika. "Pakumisa purojekiti, zvakakosha kuti tigare tichitsanangurira vakuru venzvimbo kuti chirongwa chedu chakasiyana nekunyungudutswa kwesimbi kwese-non-ferrous. Iine simba shoma rekushandisa uye mhepo yakaderera. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo iyo chirongwa chinongotora hafu yegore, tinoda gore rimwe chete. Kare, imwe chete yaidiwa. Kwatiri isu, kuongorora kwezvakatipoteredza kuchatora mwedzi mitatu, dzimwe nguva kunyange kusvika hafu yegore."
Matambudziko ekuwana akakonzerwa nekunzi "mbiri dzakakwirira" dzakarebesa hurongwa hwese hwepurojekiti kubva pakutangwa kusvika pakuvaka. Nekuda kwekunonoka kutanga basa, makambani asingakwanise kuwana mvumo yekushanda ari pasi pekumanikidzwa kukuru pacheni huru. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvakakonzerawo kuti mamwe mabasa ekudyara uye emari ashaye moyo murefu muindasitiri yesimbi yakadzokororwa.
Sei iyo indasitiri yesimbi yakadzokororwa, iyo yakanyatso kunyorwa seindasitiri yakakosha muurongwa hwehupfumi hwedenderedzwa, inorongedzerwa se "mbiri mbiri" mumaitiro chaiwo anoshanda? Munhu aitarisira bhizinesi rataurwa pamusoro apa akataura kuti kunyungudutswa kwealuminium yechipiri neyechipiri mhangura kwakanyatso kurondedzerwa se "aluminium kunyunguduka" uye "kunyungudutsa mhangura" mu "National Economic Industry Classification" yakaburitswa muna 2017.
Iyo "Yakazara Rondedzero Yekuchengetedzwa Kwemamiriro ekunze" yakagadziridzwa neBazi reEcology uye Zvemamiriro ekunze muna 2020 yakatoburitsa mhangura yakadzokororwa uye yakadzokorodza aluminium. Naizvozvo, varapi vaviri vambodudzwa vakataurawo manzwisisiro avo pamusoro pokukamuraniswa kwomunzvimbomo kweindastiri kuita “kuviri kwakakwirira”: “Kumadhipatimendi enzvimbo anodzivirira kwezvakatipoteredza, kusawirirana pakati pemitemo hakusi kwakananga kuti vaite zvisarudzo.
Parizvino, makambani mazhinji akataura matambudziko avakasangana nawo kumasangano emaindasitiri. He Zhiqiang, technical director weRecycling Metal Branch yeChina Nonferrous Metals Industry Association, akaudza 21st Century Business Herald kuti vakashuma matambudziko aya kumadhipatimendi akakodzera uye nekushingaira kutaura.
Zvisungo zvakawanda zvisina simba zvinoda kukurumidza kuzadzwa
Iyo yekugovera-side structural shanduko yeiyo isiri-ferrous metal indasitiri yanga ichienderera mberi ichifambira mberi mumakore achangopfuura. Iko kusungirirwa uye chiyero cheindastiri yave ichiwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye kukosha kwekubuda kwakaramba kuchirova nhoroondo yepamusoro. Parizvino, maererano nehuwandu, kubuda kwenyika yangu kwesimbi gumi dzisina ferrous ndiko kutanga munyika.
Asi panguva imwecheteyo, Iye Zhiqiang akasimbisawo chiratidzo chakakosha: chikamu chemusika. Panyaya yemugove wemusika, indasitiri yesimbi isina ferrous yenyika yangu ichiri kumashure. Muna 2020, kudyiwa kwemasimbi makuru mana ealuminium, mhangura, zingi, uye lead munyika yangu angangoita 77.6 miriyoni matani, ayo 21.5 miriyoni matani emasimbi akadzokororwa, anoverengera 27.8% yekushandiswa, i35.3% yakaderera pane avhareji yepasirese, inova 7,5 muzana yenyika dzakasimukira. Avhareji yenyika ye45% iri kure kure.
Iye Zhiqiang akaudza 21st Century Business Herald kuti izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nehukuru hwekugadzira hwaro hwemasimbi ekutanga uye kusaziva kwakashata kwekudzoreredza zviwanikwa munharaunda yese. "Kunyanya, dzimwe nzvimbo dzinofunga kuti kushandiswa kwemarara asina ferrous simbi kuratidza 'kudzokera shure nehurombo.' Sezvo nyika yedu yava nemari, tinofanira kushandisa zvicherwa zvakanakisa uye zvinodhura vamwe vanhu vanotenda zvisizvo kuti kushandiswa kwesimbi isina ferrous Indasitiri ine kusvibiswa kwakanyanya uye kushandiswa kwesimba kwakanyanya Inofananidzira zvimedu zvesimbi zvisina ferrous ne'foreign marara', uye inoramba tsvina isiri-ferrous simbi inoenderana nehupfumi recycled non-ferrous metal industry. Iko kukurumidza uye kusimudzira hutano kunoita kuti zviome kuti mikana inowanikwa mukuita kwemakwikwi epasi rose ishande.
Panguva imwecheteyo, Li Xinchuang akasimbisawo kuderera kwazvino kweindasitiri yesimbi yakadzokororwa. Masangano ekudzokorodza mabhizinesi madiki uye epakati nepakati, uye mazhinji acho ari munzvimbo "yekupararira, mhirizhonga, uye madiki". Iko kuunganidza uye kugovera, kugadzirisa uye kugovera zvinongedzo hazvina simba, uye nhanho yekunatswa yemhando yemhando yezvinhu uye pretreatment yakaderera.
Padanho rehunyanzvi, pane zvakare imwe gap pakati penyika yangu nenyika dzakabudirira. Kudzokorora kwete-ferrous simbi tekinoroji inogona kukamurwa kuita matatu matekinoroji zvichienderana nekuyerera kwemaitiro. Imwe ndeyekuunganidza zvinhu uye tekinoroji yekutanga; imwe yacho ndeye tekinoroji yekunyungudutsa zvinhu; uye yechitatu ndeye-chigadzirwa uye yakasara yekurapa tekinoroji. Mune maonero aHe Zhiqiang, matambudziko enyika yangu anonyanya kutarisa tekinoroji yekumberi-yekupedzisira uye yekumashure-yekupedzisira slag kurapwa tekinoroji.
Kunyanya, nhamba huru yebasa rekubvisa nekudzokorodza muindasitiri yemhangura yakadzokororwa ichiri yemanyorero, iine kurongedza kwakakura, kuburitswa kwetsvina yakakomba, uye kushomeka kwehunyanzvi hwekurongedza. Muindasitiri yechipiri yealuminium, kuchine nzira yekugadzira "dikishopu" yekugadzira, uye iyo aluminium yemhando yemhando uye yekurongedza tekinoroji iri kumashure. Li Xinchuang akataura kuti nhamba yakati wandei yemabhizinesi ane midziyo yekunyungudutsa kumashure uye kurasikirwa kukuru kwekupisa kwealuminium; zvigadzirwa zvine hutsvina hwakanyanya uye husina kugadzikana. Kunyangwe zvidyarwa zvealuminum zvechipiri zvakaunza zvepasi rose seti yezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira uye tekinoroji, havana kutamba basa ravo rakakodzera nekuda kwekwakabva zvimedu zvealuminium uye mitengo yakakwira yekugadzira.
Iye Zhiqiang akatora aruminiyamu semuenzaniso kuti ape seti yeakawanda intuitive manhamba: nekuda kwekudzokera kumashure tekinoroji, iyo yekunyungudika kudzoreredza mwero wemagaba isingasviki 78%. Kana tekinoroji yepamusoro yakashandiswa, chiyero chekudzorera chinogona kuwedzerwa kusvika kupfuura 85%; nekuda kwekudzorerwa kwe slag Iyo tekinoroji iri kumashure. Muna 2019 chete, kurasikirwa kwesimbi kwakakonzerwa nekunyunguduka kweindasitiri yealuminium kwakasvika 1.27 miriyoni matani. Kana teknolojia yepamusoro yakagamuchirwa, kurasikirwa uku kunogona kuderedzwa neanopfuura 70%, kuderedza aluminium inopisa kurasikirwa nemamiriyoni e1, uye kuderedza carbon emissions nemamiriyoni 14,4; kuchengetedza magetsi 15 bhiriyoni madhigirii, akaenzana neGezhouba gore negore rekugadzira magetsi.
He Zhiqiang anotenda kuti zvakafanira kuumba hurongwa hwekusimudzira hwakadzama padanho renyika, kudonongodza mabasa akafanana evose vanobatanidzwa. Semuenzaniso: basa remugadziri, basa reanorasa, basa remugadziri, basa reveruzhinji, basa rehurumende, "zvese zviitiko zvine hukama zvinotemerwa nemitemo nemirau, iyo chete nzira yakaumbwa nenzira iyi inoshanda."
Indasitiri isiri-ferrous zvakare ndeimwe yemaindasitiri masere akakosha mumusika wepasi kabhoni mune ramangwana, uye ichawana yakawanda yakaderera-kabhoni mikana yekuvandudza mushure mekuiswa mumusika wenyika wecarbon. Li Xinchuang akaburitsa kuti mamiriro azvino eiyo isiri-ferrous indasitiri yekuburitsa kabhoni uye kuverengerwa kwekubvisa kabhoni emission mipiro yakapedzwa kwekutanga, uye iyo isiri-ferrous indasitiri kabhoni emission accounting zviyero zvakatanga kuumbwa.
Munhu aitungamirira China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association akajekesawo munguva pfupi yapfuura kuti madhipatimendi akakodzera akadzidza uye akagadzira "Implementation Plan yeCarbon Peak muNon-ferrous Metals Industry" uye akakurudzira kuedza kuva wekutanga kuwana carbon peak muna 2025. Ichi chirongwa chiri nani kudarika nyika ye carbon peak. Nguva yekusvika padanho repamusoro ingangoita makore mashanu pamberi pehurongwa. Sekuona kwaLi Xinchuang, kuwedzera kwekukura kweiyo indasitiri yesimbi isina-ferrous inogona kuramba ichikwira mumakore maviri apfuura, ichaita basa rakakura mukuchengetedza zviwanikwa, uye ichaitawo basa renhoroondo rekudzikisa kabhoni emission.
(Munyori: Wang Chen Mupepeti: Zhou Shangqi)
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-19-2021