"Siqale ukufaka isicelo sale projekthi ekuqaleni konyaka ophelileyo. Ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, siqale ukufaka isicelo se-EIA malunga noMnyhadala waseNtwasahlobo kulo nyaka. Okwangoku, iprojekthi ibambekile kwi-EIA, kwaye isiqalo sokwakha siye sachatshazelwa ukusa kumkhamo othile. Kungenxa yokuba iprojekthi yethu yesibini ye-aluminiyam ihlelwa njengezimbini eziphezulu." Umntu ongaphakathi kwishishini obandakanyeka ekuveliseni ialuminiyam esetyenzisiweyo uxelele i-21st Century Business Herald ukuba ishishini lakhe le-aluminiyam elisetyenzisiweyo libambekile kwinkqubo yovavanyo lwempembelelo yokusingqongileyo kwaye alikaqalisi ukwakha emva konyaka onesiqingatha emva kokusekwa ngempumelelo kweprojekthi.
Imeko kule nkampani ayiyodwa. "I-14 yeminyaka emihlanu yeSicwangciso soPhuhliso lwezoQoqosho lweSetyhula" ekhutshwe yiKomishoni yoPhuhliso kunye noHlaziyo lweSizwe ekuqaleni kukaJulayi yamisela isiphumo sonyaka se-11.50 yeetoni ze-11.50 yezigidi zeetoni kushishino lwesibini lwe-aluminium ngo-2025. Lilonke, "iSicwangciso" sicebisa ukuphucula umgangatho wokusetyenziswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo ezihlaziyiweyo, ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezisemgangathweni, ukuhlaziya, ukucoca, ukuhlanjululwa kunye nokuphucula umgangatho, ukuhlanjululwa kunye nokucoca. ukudityaniswa kunye nophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso yemithombo ehlaziyiweyo. Imveliso yesinyithi esetyenzisiweyo esetyenzisiweyo iya kufikelela kwi-20 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2025, apho imveliso yobhedu ehlaziyiweyo kunye nelothe esetyenzisiweyo iya kufikelela kwi-4 yezigidi zeetoni kunye ne-2.9 yezigidi zeetoni ngokulandelelanayo. Kushishino lwesinyithi oluphinda lusetyenziswe, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo ziindaba ezimnandi zokunyusa umgangatho wokuziphatha.
Kodwa ngokwenene, yintoni na abaqeqeshi abajongene nayo kungekhona nje isimo sengqondo esilungileyo kwi-design yezinga eliphezulu, kodwa kunye namanqaku abalulekileyo kuwo wonke umgaqo-nkqubo ofunekayo ukucaciswa ngokukhawuleza.
Uqoqosho lwesetyhula okanye "ezimbini eziphezulu"?
Ixesha elide, ishishini lelizwe lam lokunyibilikisa isinyithi lixhomekeke ekuxhatshazweni kobutyebi bendalo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba izibonelelo zamaminerali ziyimithombo yendalo engahlaziyekiyo, emva kweminyaka emininzi yokumbiwa kwemigodi, ixesha elisebenzayo lokumbiwa kwezinto ezininzi liphelile. Ukurisayiklishwa kweentsimbi ezingezizo intsimbi kube negalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso loqoqosho nentlalo yelizwe lethu, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba kunciphisa kakhulu imfuno yokutsala izibonelelo ezingahlaziyekiyo ngokumbiwa kwemigodi.
Ngokutsho kukaLi Xinchuang, uNobhala weKomiti yeQela kunye neNjineli eyiNtloko yeMetallurgical Industry Planning and Research Institute, xa kuthelekiswa nemisebenzi yemveli yokuvelisa isinyithi, isinyithi esisetyenzisiweyo esisetyenzisiweyo sineenzuzo ezibalaseleyo malunga neenzuzo zokusingqongileyo. Imveliso yemveli non-ayoni isinyithi kunye nenkqubo yokunyibilikisa kufuna ukukhutshwa isixa esikhulu umba, sulfur dioxide kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisa igesi inkunkuma, kunye namanzi amdaka kunye neentsalela zokunyibilikisa inkunkuma, kunye nokuveliswa kwayo kukhatshwa uphuhliso imigodi yesinyithi non-ayoni, nto leyo eya kubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwindawo yendalo yendalo.
U-Li Xinchuang ukholelwa ukuba njengendlela yokurisayikilisha inkunkuma eqinileyo, isinyithi esingena-ferrous sirisayikilishwa ngokwaso lishishini lokhuselo lokusingqongileyo. Umzekelo, phantsi kwendlela yokwanda kwemfuno yokugcina amandla ebhetri, ukulahlwa ngokufanelekileyo kweebhetri zenkunkuma kuhambelana ngokusondeleyo nayo. Kwaye kumxholo wenjongo "yekhabhoni ezimbini", uphuhliso lweshishini lesinyithi elisetyenzisiweyo elisetyenzisiweyo liphinde libe nokubaluleka okulungileyo ekukhuthazeni ishishini lesinyithi esingenawo i-ferrous ukufikelela kwincopho yalo kwangaphambili kunye nokukhuthaza ukuphuculwa kwesakhiwo soshishino lwesinyithi esingenawo i-ferrous.
Umntu ophethe ishishini oye wabandakanyeka kushishino lwesinyithi olusetyenzisiweyo oluhlaziyiweyo iminyaka emininzi uxelele i-21st Century Business Herald ukuba ukuthatha nje i-aluminiyam esetyenzisiweyo njengomzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwinkqubo yokunyibilikiswa kwe-aluminiyam ehlaziyiweyo yi-4% ukuya kwi-5% kuphela ye-electrolytic aluminiyam yokunyibilikisa. Kwaye kwisiseko sokuhlangana nomgangatho wesizwe wokugalela i-aluminium alloy ekrwada, ukukhutshwa ngexesha lenkqubo yesibini yokunyibilikisa i-aluminiyam ikakhulu sisixa esincinci senitrogen oxides. "Ngoko ke, iiprojekthi zetsimbi ezisetyenzisiweyo ezisetyenzisiweyo kufuneka zibe zezoshishino olusetyhula."
Kodwa enyanisweni akunjalo. Ngaphandle kwaba bangaphakathi kwishishini bakhankanywe ngasentla abaye bafumana ubunzima kunxulumaniso lwe-EIA, umntu ophethe le nkampani ikhankanyiweyo ngasentla ukwathe inkampani idibene neengxaki zofikelelo ezingakumbi okanye ezingaphantsi kwiiprojekthi zayo zentsimbi ezingenayo i-ferrous ezihlaziyiweyo kwiindawo ezininzi zelizwe. "Xa useka iprojekthi, kuyimfuneko ukuba uhlale uchazela abasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni ukuba iprojekthi yethu yahlukile kwi-metal non-ferrous smelting jikelele. Isebenzisa amandla aphantsi kunye nokukhutshwa okuphantsi. Kwezinye iindawo apho iprojekthi ithatha isiqingatha sonyaka kuphela, sifuna unyaka omnye. Ngaphambili, enye kuphela yayifuneka. Kithina, uvavanyo lwempembelelo yokusingqongileyo luya kuthatha ubuncinane iinyanga ezintathu, ngamanye amaxesha kude kube yisiqingatha sonyaka. "
Ubunzima bokufikelela obubangelwe kukucalulwa “njengemigangatho emibini” yandise kakhulu inkqubo yonke yeprojekthi ukusuka ekuqalisweni ukuya kulwakhiwo. Ngenxa yokulibaziseka ekuqaliseni umsebenzi, iinkampani ezingakwaziyo ukufumana imvume yokusebenza ziphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu kwikhonkco lenkunzi. Kwangaxeshanye, kukwabangele ukuba utyalo-mali oluthile kunye nemisebenzi yezemali ilahlekelwe ngumonde kushishino lwesinyithi oluhlaziyiweyo.
Kutheni le nto imboni yesinyithi ehlaziyiweyo, ebhalwe ngokucacileyo njengeshishini elibalulekileyo kwisicwangciso soqoqosho lwesetyhula, ihlelwa "njengezinto eziphakamileyo ezimbini" kwiinkqubo ezithile eziphathekayo? Umntu ophetheyo kwishishini elikhankanywe ngasentla wathi oku kungenxa yokuba ukunyibilika kwe-aluminium yesibini kunye nobhedu lwesibini kwahlelwa ngokuthe ngqo "njenge-aluminium yokunyibilikisa" kunye "ne-copper smelting" kwi-"National Economic Industry Classification" ekhutshwe kwi-2017.
"Uluhlu oluBanzi loKhuseleko lokusiNgqongileyo" oluhlaziywe nguMphathiswa we-Ecology kunye nokusiNgqongileyo ngo-2020 sele luyicimile ubhedu oluhlaziyiweyo kunye ne-aluminium esetyenzisiweyo. Ngoko ke, aba basebenzi babini bakhankanywe ngasentla bakwavakalise ukuqonda kwabo ukwahlulwa-hlulwa kweshishini kwindawo “kumanqanaba amabini aphakamileyo”: “Kumasebe asekuhlaleni okhuseleko lwemekobume, ukungavisisani phakathi kwemigaqo-nkqubo asikokwawo ukuba enze izigqibo ngokuthe ngqo.
Okwangoku, iinkampani ezininzi ziye zaxela iingxaki ezidibene nazo kwimibutho yoshishino. U-He Zhiqiang, umlawuli wezobugcisa weSebe leNsimbi lokuSebenziswa ngokutsha kwe-China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association, uxelele i-21st Century Business Herald ukuba baye baxela ezi ngxaki kumasebe afanelekileyo kwaye banxibelelana ngokukhutheleyo.
Amakhonkco amaninzi abuthathaka kufuneka azaliswe ngokukhawuleza
Uhlaziyo lolwakhiwo lwecala lonikezelo lweshishini lesinyithi elingeyontsimbi liqhubela phambili ngokuqhubekayo kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ukugxininiswa kunye nobukhulu boshishino kuye kwanda ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye ixabiso lemveliso liye labetha ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwimbali ephezulu. Okwangoku, ngokobungakanani, imveliso yelizwe lam yeentsimbi ezilishumi ezingenayo intsimbi ikwinqanaba lokuqala kwihlabathi.
Kodwa ngelo xesha, He Zhiqiang naye wagxininisa isalathisi esibalulekileyo: isabelo semarike. Ngokumalunga nesabelo semarike, ishishini lesinyithi lelizwe lam elisetyenzisiweyo lokuphinda lisetyenziswe isinyithi esingena-ferrous lisasemva noko. Ngo-2020, ukusetyenziswa okupheleleyo kwezinyithi ezine eziphambili ze-aluminiyam, ubhedu, i-zinc, kunye nelothe kwilizwe lam malunga ne-77.6 yezigidi zeetoni, apho i-21.5 yezigidi zeetoni zesinyithi ezisetyenzisiweyo, ezibalelwa kwi-27.8% yokusetyenziswa, yi-35.3% ngaphantsi kwe-avareji yehlabathi, eyi-7.5 yepesenti yamanqaku angaphantsi kwamazwe aphuhlileyo. Umyinge wesizwe wama-45% uqelelene kakhulu.
U-He Zhiqiang uxelele i-21st Century Business Herald ukuba oku kubangelwa ubukhulu becala kwisiseko esikhulu semveliso yeentsimbi eziphambili kunye nokungazi kakuhle kwemithombo yokubuyisela kwakhona kuluntu lonke. Ngokukodwa, ezinye iindawo zicinga ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwenkunkuma yentsimbi engasebenziyo kukubonakalisa 'ukubuyela umva kunye nobuhlwempu.' Ngoku ukuba ilizwe lethu linemali, kufuneka sisebenzise ezona zimbiwa zigqwesileyo kwaye zibiza kakhulu Abanye abantu bakholelwa ngempazamo ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezimdaka ezingenayo intsimbi Lishishini elinongcoliseko oluphezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu Lilinganisa inkunkuma yentsimbi kunye 'nenkunkuma yangaphandle', kwaye iyayigatya inkunkuma engeyiyo intsimbi ekhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwezoqoqosho imveliso yesinyithi esetyenzisiweyo ehlaziyiweyo. Uphuhliso olukhawulezayo nolusempilweni lwenza kube nzima ukuba amathuba afunyenwe kwinkqubo yokhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe asebenze kakuhle.
Kwangaxeshanye, uLi Xinchuang ukwagxininise ukugxininiswa okuphantsi kwangoku kwishishini lesinyithi elisetyenzisiweyo lelizwe lam. Amaqumrhu okurisayikilisha ubukhulu becala ngamashishini amancinci naphakathi, kwaye uninzi lwawo akwimo “yokuchithakala, isiphithiphithi, nesincinci”. Ukuqokelelwa kunye nokuhanjiswa, ukusetyenzwa kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamakhonkco abuthathaka, kwaye inqanaba lokwahlulwa kwemathiriyeli esulungekileyo kunye nonyango lwangaphambili liphantsi.
Kwinqanaba lobugcisa, kukho umsantsa othile phakathi kwelizwe lam namazwe aphuhlileyo. Ukurisayikilisha itekhnoloji yetsimbi engeyiyo i-ferrous inokwahlulwa ibe ziitekhnoloji ezintathu ngokwenkqubo yokuhamba. Enye yingqokelela yemathiriyeli kunye neteknoloji yonyango lwangaphambili; enye iteknoloji yokutsalwa kwezinto ezinyibilikayo; kwaye eyesithathu yimveliso kunye neteknoloji yonyango lwentsalela. Ngokombono kaHe Zhiqiang, iingxaki zelizwe lam zigxile ikakhulu kwitekhnoloji yonyango lwangaphambili kunye neteknoloji yonyango ye-slag yangasemva.
Ngokukodwa, inani elikhulu lomsebenzi wokudilizwa kunye nokurisayikilisha kwishishini lelizwe lam elisetyenzisiweyo lobhedu lisasebenza ngesandla, nokuhlelwa okubanzi, ukukhutshwa kongcoliseko olumandla, kunye nokunqongophala kobugcisa bokuhlela obusulungekileyo. Kwishishini le-aluminium yesibini, kusekho indlela yokuvelisa "i-workshop encinci", kunye nokuhlelwa kwezinto ze-aluminium kunye nokuhlelwa kweteknoloji kusemva. U-Li Xinchuang uthe inani elikhulu lamashishini anezixhobo zokunyibilikisa ngasemva kunye nelahleko enkulu yokutshisa ialuminiyam; iimveliso zinomxholo wokungcola okuphezulu kunye nomgangatho ongazinzanga. Nangona izityalo ze-aluminiyam yesibini ziye zazisa iiseti ezigqibeleleyo zehlabathi zezixhobo zemveliso kunye nobuchwepheshe, azizange zidlale indima yazo ngenxa yomthombo we-aluminiyam ye-scrap kunye neendleko eziphezulu zemveliso.
U-Zhiqiang uthathe i-aluminium njengomzekelo wokunika isethi yamanani acacileyo: ngenxa yeteknoloji yonyango lwangaphambili, izinga lokubuyisela ukunyibilika kweetoti lingaphantsi kwe-78%. Ukuba iteknoloji ephakamileyo isetyenzisiweyo, izinga lokubuyisela linganyuswa libe ngaphezu kwe-85%; ngenxa yokubuyiselwa kwe-slag Iteknoloji ibuyele ngasemva. Ngo-2019 kuphela, ilahleko yesinyithi ebangelwa kukunyibilika komzi-mveliso we-aluminium ifikelele kwi-1.27 yezigidi zeetoni. Ukuba iteknoloji ephakamileyo yamkelwe, le lahleko ingancitshiswa ngaphezu kwe-70%, ukunciphisa ilahleko yokutshisa i-aluminium nge-1 yezigidi zeetoni, kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngeetoni ze-14.4 yezigidi; ukonga umbane ngeedigri ze-15 lebhiliyoni, okulingana nokuveliswa kwamandla ngonyaka kweGezhouba.
U-He Zhiqiang ukholelwa ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuqulunqa isicwangciso esibanzi sokunyusa kwinqanaba likazwelonke, ukuchaza uxanduva olufanayo lwabo bonke abachaphazelekayo. Umzekelo: uxanduva lomhlaziyi, uxanduva lomlahli, uxanduva lomenzi, indima yoluntu, indima karhulumente, "yonke imisebenzi enxulumene noko imiselwa ngemithetho nemimiselo, kuphela inkqubo eyenziwe ngolu hlobo esebenzayo."
Ishishini elingenawo i-ferrous likwangomnye wamashishini asibhozo angundoqo kwimarike yekhabhoni yelizwe kwixesha elizayo, kwaye iya kufumana amathuba ophuhliso aphantsi kwekhabhoni emva kokuba ibandakanyiwe kwimarike yekhabhoni yelizwe. U-Li Xinchuang udize ukuba imeko yangoku yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yoshishino olungeyoyoni kunye nokubalwa kwegalelo lokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni sele kugqitywe kwasekuqaleni, kwaye imigangatho yobalo lwekhabhoni yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ye-non-ferrous nayo iye yaqulunqwa.
Umntu ophethe i-China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association wakwenza kwacaca kungekudala ukuba amasebe afanelekileyo afunde kwaye aqulunqa "iSicwangciso sokuSebenzisa i-Carbon Peak kwi-Metals ye-Non-ferrous Metals Industry" kwaye kucetywayo ukuzama ukuba ngowokuqala ukufikelela kwincopho yekhabhoni ngo-2025. Esi sicwangciso singcono kunencopho yekhabhoni yesizwe. Ixesha lokufikelela kwincopho ekujoliswe kuyo yiminyaka emi-5 ubuncinane phambi kweshedyuli. Ngokombono kaLi Xinchuang, izinga lokukhula kwemfuno yoshishino lwesinyithi olungenawo uhlaziyo luza kuqhubeka nokukhawuleza kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo, luza kudlala indima enkulu ekukhuselweni kobutyebi, kwaye luya kwenza nomsebenzi wembali wokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni.
(Umbhali: Wang Chen Umhleli: Zhou Shangqi)
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-19-2021