Dab tsi yog aluminium ingot?

Dab tsi yog aluminium ingot?

Aluminium yog cov nyiaj-dawb hlau thiab qib thib peb hauv lub ntiaj teb crust tom qab oxygen thiab silicon. Lub ntom ntom ntawm txhuas yog qhov me me, tsuas yog 34.61% ntawm cov hlau thiab 30.33% tooj liab, yog li nws tseem hu ua lub teeb hlau. Aluminium yog cov neeg uas tsis yog ferrous uas lawv cov zis thiab kev noj yog thib ob tsuas yog rau cov hlau hauv ntiaj teb. Vim tias txhuas yog lub teeb, feem ntau nws siv rau hauv kev tsim cov av, hiav txwv, pob zeb, thiab cov nkoj loj los txo nws tus kheej hnyav thiab nce lub nra. Cov khoom siv raw hauv peb cov kev lag luam niaj hnub hu ua kev ua haujlwm txhuas. Raws li lub teb chaws tus qauv (GB / T 1196-2008), lawv yuav tsum raug hu ua "txhuas kev ua haujlwm rau kev hu rau lawv" txhuas kev noj ". Nws yog tsim los ntawm electrolysis siv alumina-cryolite. Tom qab txhuas ingots ntaus cov ntawv thov kev lag luam, muaj ob pawg loj: cam cov txhuas alloys thiab deformed txhuas alloys. Nrum txhuas thiab aluminium alloys yog txhuas cov khoom lag luam tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem casting; Aluminium txhuas yog cov txheej txheem txhuas cov khoom tsim tawm los ntawm kev ua kom muaj zog: Cov hlua, cov pas nrig, cov xov hlau thiab kev tsis quav ntsej. Raws li tus qauv hauv tebchaws, "recelting aluminium Ingots tau muab faib ua 8 qib kawm raws li cov muaj tshuaj lom neeg, Al99.7,50e, tus lej tom qab Al yog cov ntsiab lus txhuas). Qee tus neeg hu "A00" txhuas, uas yog ua tiag tiag aluminium nrog kev coj dawb huv ntawm 99.7%, uas yog hu ua "tus qauv txhuas" hauv London kev ua lag luam. Peb lub teb chaws cov qauv txheej txheem hauv xyoo 1950 tau los ntawm lub sijhawm qub sov. "A00" yog cov hom Lavxias nyob rau hauv Soviet Union cov qauv hauv tebchaws. "A" yog tsab ntawv Lavxias, tsis yog lus Askiv "" ib tus "ntawm tus niam ntawv xov xwm Suav. Yog tias nws yog nyob rau hauv kab nrog thoob ntiaj teb cov qauv, nws yog qhov tseeb dua los hu rau "txheem txhuas". Txheem txhuas yog cov ingot algot muaj 99.7% txhuas, uas yog sau npe ntawm London kev ua lag luam.

Yuav ua li cas yog txhuas kev ua tau
Cov ingot ingot casting txheej txheem siv Molten aluminium kom tawm mus rau hauv cov pob zeb pov tseg, thiab tom qab nws tau txais kauj ruam tseem ceeb rau qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom. Txheej txheem casting kuj yog lub cev cov txheej txheem ntawm crystallizing kua txhuas ua kua txhuas.
Cov txheej txheem ntws ntawm casting txhuas kev ua hauv qab no cov khoom siv hluav taws xob-ua tiav cov khoom siv-ua tiav cov khoom siv-ua tiav cov khoom siv-ua tiav cov khoom siv-ua tiav cov khoom lag luam-ua tiav cov khoom lag luam Kev kuaj xyuas-chaw ua khoom siv

Feem ntau yog siv cov hau kev casting tau muab faib ua txuas ntxiv mus txuas ntxiv thiab ntsug semi-nruam casting

Nruam casting

Nruam casting tuaj yeem muab faib ua ke ua ke rauv taws ua pov thiab sab nraud casting. TAG NRHO SIV SIV TUA MUAG MACHINE. Sib tov sib tov ua caste yog cov txheej txheem ntawm casting molten aluminium rau hauv cov kab sib tov, thiab feem ntau yog siv los ua cov khoom siv ua kom zoo rau kev ua kom rov qab ua thiab cov alloys ua alloys. Sab nraud casting yog nqa tawm ncaj qha los ntawm lub ladle rau cov khoom siv casting tsis tuaj yeem ua tau thaum cov khoom lag luam pov tseg tau ncaj qha rau hauv lub cub tawg. Txij li thaum tsis muaj cua sov tsis muaj sab nraud, nws yog qhov tsim nyog uas cov ladle muaj qhov kub thiab txias, feem ntau ntawm 660 ° C nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov kom ntseeg tau tias cov ingot txhuas muaj qhov zoo dua.

Rau casting nyob rau hauv cov sib xyaw ua kom sov, cov khoom xyaw yuav tsum xub sib tov, tom qab ntawd nchuav rau hauv kev sib xyaw ua kom yooj yim, ua kom tusyees ntxiv rau flux rau kev ua kom zoo. Lub Casting Alloy Ingot yuav tsum tau meej rau ntau tshaj 30 feeb, thiab cov nplais yuav pov tom qab tau meej. Thaum lub sij hawm ua, qhov muag ci ntsa iab ntawm cov sib xyaw ua kom sib xyaw ua ke yog kom ua kom muaj qee qhov ua kom muaj qee qib ntawm kev mus ncig ua si thaum cov pwm hloov thiab hloov pwm. Lub cub hluav taws xob qhov muag thiab lub tshuab casting txuas nrog tus ntxhua khaub ncaws. Nws yog qhov zoo dua kom muaj luv luv yaj, uas tuaj yeem txo cov txhuas oxidation thiab zam kom tsis txhob muaj vortex thiab txaws. Thaum lub tshuab casting nres rau ntau tshaj 48 teev, cov pwm yuav tsum yog 4 teev ua ntej rov pib dua. Lub molten aluminium ntws mus rau hauv cov pwm los ntawm kev ntxhua khaub ncaws, thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab oxide nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub duav aluminium raug tshem tawm, uas yog hu ua slagging. Tom qab ib tug pwm sau, tus liatder yog txav mus rau cov pwm tom ntej, thiab tshuab casting hloov zuj zus. Cov kev hloov zuj zus hauv cov txheej txheem hauv ntu zuj zus, thiab molten txhuas maj mam txias txias. Thaum nws mus txog nruab nrab ntawm lub tshuab casting, molten aluminium tau solied rau ob txhais aluminium tau solists, uas yog cim nrog lub suab paj nruag me me los ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv. Thaum lub txhuas ingot mus txog sab saum toj ntawm lub tshuab casting, nws tau ua tiav rau hauv kev ua kom tiav. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, cov pwm hloov pauv, thiab cov ingot txhuas yog ntiab tawm ntawm cov pwm, thiab tau muab tso rau hauv cov stacker los ua cov tso tawm ua tiav cov ingot. Lub tshuab ua haujlwm casting yog txias los ntawm txau dej, tab sis cov dej yuav tsum tau muab tom qab lub tshuab casting tau muab rau ib qho kev hloov pauv tag nrho. Txhua lub tuj ntawm molten aluminium noj txog 8-10t dej, thiab lub blower yog qhov yuav tsum tau rau qhov chaw txias txias nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov. Lub ingot yog lub tiaj tus pwm pov pov tseg, thiab cov solentenification ntawm molten aluminium yog los ntawm sab saud, thiab tawm ntawm qhov zawj-puab shrinkage. Lub sijhawm sib zog thiab cov kev mob ntawm txhua feem ntawm Aluminium Ingot tsis zoo ib yam, yog li nws cov tshuaj lom neeg kuj tseem yuav sib txawv, tab sis nws yog nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog tus qauv raws li tag nrho.

Cov kev tsis xws luag ntawm txhuas kev ua haujlwm rau kev thim rov qab yog:

① Stoma. Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas yog tias qhov ntsuas kub ua kom sov dhau lawm, lub ntsej muag nyias muaj ntau cov pa roj (pinholes), cov npoo av muaj ntau yam tshwm sim hauv cov neeg mob hnyav.
A Compllusion Plaction. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog qhov swb tsis huv, ua rau muaj kev sib cais ntawm cov npoo av; Qhov thib ob yog tias qhov kub ntawm molten aluminium yog tsawg dhau, ua rau sab hauv slag inclusion.
Sitport thiab nyem. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, cov ingot txhuas yog loj heev, lossis lub tshuab casting tsis khiav kom yooj yim.
Nrib pleb. Txias kab nrib pleb yog feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm qis heev ntiab tawm kub, uas ua rau cov ingo ingot muaju tsis ntom, ua rau looseness thiab txawm tawg. Thermal cov kab nrib pleb yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev kub siab kub.
⑤ sib tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv. Feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib xyaw tsis ncaj thaum casing alloy.

Ntsug Semi-Nruam casting

Ntsug semi-nruam casting yog tsuas yog siv rau kev tsim cov txhuas hlau hlau agoyts rau kev ua cov khoom siv profiles. Lub molten aluminium yog hliv rau hauv kev sib xyaw ua kom sov tom qab kev sib tsoo. Vim tias cov xov xwm tshwj xeeb ntawm cov xov hlau, lub phaj nrab AL-B yuav tsum tau ntxiv kom tshem tawm cov titoium thiab vanadium (hlau kev cuam tshuam) los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm molten Cov Slabs yuav tsum tau ntxiv nrog Al-TI - B Alloy (Ti5% B1%) rau kev kho kom zoo. Ua rau lub koom haum nto zoo. Ntxiv 2 # ua kom tus neeg sawv cev rau cov-magnesium alloy, tus nqi yog 5%, do tusyees, tom qab sawv rau 30 feeb, tshem tawm cov scum, ces cam khwb cia. Nqa lub chassis ntawm lub tshuab casting ua ntej ua pov thawj, thiab tshuab tawm noo noo ntawm chassis nrog huab cua compressed. Tom qab ntawd nce lub hauv paus phaj rau hauv lubricalic lubricating, siv ib daim ntawv xa cov hluav taws xob, kom cov chaw nres nkoj qhuav thiab cov chaw nres nkoj qhuav thiab cov chaw nres nkoj qhuav thiab cov chaw nres nkoj. Thaum pib ntawm casting, nias Lub tshuab tsis siv neeg muab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, txiav kom cov dej sib xyaw ua kom sov, thiab ua kom cov kua dej faib tawm mus rau lub thawvtunder. Thaum cov kua txhuas ua tau 2/5 nyob rau hauv lub chaw faib khoom, tso tawm cov ntsaws rau hauv lub crystallizer, thiab cov molten aluminium yog txias rau ntawm chassis. Thaum cov kua txhuas ua kua ncav cuag 30mm siab nyob rau hauv lub crystallizer, Chassis tuaj yeem qis dua, thiab dej txias yuav pib xa. Tsis siv neeg kho cov ntsaws rau cov dej ntws tawm ntawm cov kua txhuas rau hauv lub crystallizer thiab ua kom qhov siab ntawm cov kua txhuas hauv lub crystallizer tsis hloov. Lub scum thiab oxide zaj duab xis nyob rau saum npoo ntawm molten Aluminium yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm hauv lub sijhawm. Thaum qhov ntev ntawm cov algot aluminium yog kwv yees li 6m, thaiv cov chaw faib khoom, tshem tawm cov khoom siv dej, tshem tawm cov khoom siv dej, thiab tso tawm ntawm lub tshuab pom kev, thiab tso tawm ntawm cov khoom siv uas xav tau thiab npaj rau tom ntej no. Thaum lub sij hawm ua, qhov kub ntawm molten aluminium nyob rau hauv cov kab sib tov yog tswj hwm ntawm 685-690- min, thiab cov dej txias txias yog 0.147-0Mpa.

Lub casting ceev yog sib npaug rau cov kab tawm nrog ib ntu square:
VD = k nyob qhov twg v yog lub casting ceev, mm / min lossis m / h; D yog ib sab ntev ntawm ingot ntu, hli lossis m; K yog tus nqi tas li, M2 / h, feem ntau 1.2 ~ 1.5.

Ntsug semi-nruam casting yog ib txoj kev crystallization. Tom qab Molten Aluminium nkag rau hauv qhov cam khwb cia, nws pib crystallize rau hauv qab phaj thiab sab hauv phab ntsa ntawm cov pwm. Vim tias qhov xwm txheej txias ntawm lub chaw thiab ob sab sib txawv, cov ntawv crystallization ib daim ntawv ntawm cov nruab nrab tsawg thiab siab periphery. Tus chassis nqis los ntawm qhov ceev tas mus li. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub sab qaum yog tas mus li tsis tu ncua nrog kua txhuas, yog li muaj ib thaj chaw ib nrab zoo ntawm cov khoom txhuas thiab cov kua txhuas. Vim tias cov roj txhuas ua kua thaum nws ua kom haum roj, thiab muaj cov roj ntawm lub tshuab sab hauv, xws li Chassis nqis los, cov khoom sib txawv, cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov crystallizer. Muaj lub voj voog ntawm cov dej txias txias hauv qhov qis ntawm lub crystallizer, thiab dej txias txias tuaj yeem txau kom txog thaum nws tau dim. Qhov saum npoo ntawm txhuas ingot yog raug rau cov kev sib cav sib txawv kom txog thaum tag nrho cov hlau ingot raug pov.

Ua ntej crystallization tuaj yeem tsim cov kev txaus siab tau zoo, uas tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov noob loj, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm ntawm lub crystallization. Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv hauv cov kws kho tshuab hauv cov kev taw qhia qhov siab ntawm cov qauv sib piv, tus nqi txias tau sai dua, thiab ib qho qauv siv lead ua zoo heev tuaj yeem tau txais.

Qhov saum npoo ntawm txhuas hlau ingot yuav tsum yog tiaj thiab du ntawm sleag, qhov ntev, qhov yuav tsum tsis txhob tawg, pores thiab slag inclusions. Tsis muaj ntau tshaj 5 slicag suav tsawg dua 1 hli.

Lub ntsiab tsis xws luag ntawm txhuas hlau kev cuam tshuam yog:

Nrib pleb. Qhov laj thawj yog qhov ntsuas kub ntawm Molten Aluminium yog dhau lawm, qhov nrawm nrawm heev, thiab kev ntxhov siab dhau lawm; Cov ntsiab lus silicon nyob rau hauv lub molten aluminium yog loj dua 0.8%, thiab tom qab ntawd muaj qee qhov kev ua si ntawm cov hlau: lossis cov nyiaj cua txias yog qhov tsis txaus. Thaum cov pwm ntawm cov pwm yog ntxhib lossis tsis siv roj nplua nyeem yog siv, saum npoo thiab fab ntawm lub ingot yuav tawg.

A Compllusion Plaction. Lub swb rau saum npoo ntawm aluminium hlau ingot yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm molten txhuas, thiab cov ntxhiab tsw ntawm sab saum toj ntawm cov ingot. Qee zaum cov roj lubricating tseem tuaj yeem nqa qee qhov slag. Sab hauv slag inclusions yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsawg ntawm lub ntsej muag molten txhuas, qhov siab viscosity, lub siab hloov ntawm qib molten aluminium thaum lub sij hawm cam khwb cia.

③cold compartment. The formation of the cold barrier is mainly caused by excessive fluctuations in the level of molten aluminum in the mold, low casting temperature, excessively slow casting speed, or the vibration and uneven drop of the casting machine.

④ Stoma. Cov pores tau hais ntawm no hais txog cov hws me me nrog lub cheeb ntawm tsawg dua 1 hli. Qhov laj thawj rau qhov no yog tias qhov ntsuas kub ua kom sov dhau lawm thiab ua kua rau hauv lub sijhawm, yog li ntawd cov pa roj hmab tsis tau khiav hauv lub qhov hws hauv ingot.

⑤THTHE NTO NYUAJ. Vim tias sab hauv phab ntsa ntawm lub crystallizer tsis yog du, lubrication nyhuv yog tsis zoo, thiab txhuas hlav ntawm lub tshuab ua lead ua yog tsim muaj mob hnyav. Los yog vim hais tias qhov sib piv ntawm cov hlau rau silicon yog loj heev, kev cais tawm tshwm sim los ntawm kev txias tsis ncaj.

⑥lreakage ntawm txhuas thiab rov ntsuam xyuas. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog qhov teeb meem kev ua haujlwm, thiab qhov loj ib kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau NRODULES.

Daim ntawv thov ntawm Nrum txhuas silicon (al-si) alloy
Aluminium-silicon (Al-Si) Alloy, Qhov Coob Feem ntawm SI yog feem ntau 4% ~ 22%. Vim tias Al-Si Alloy muaj cov khoom zoo heev, xws li cov cua zoo, nws muaj cov khoom siv cua sov, nws muaj cov khoom siv cua sov, corrosion tsis kam thiab nruab nrab machining cov khoom siv. Nws yog qhov ntau tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau ntau yam ntawm cam khwb cia aluminium alloy. Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov feem ntau siv cov:

(1) Zl101 (a) Alloy Zl101 Alloy muaj cov cua zoo, muaj kev sib tsoo thiab cov cua sov yooj yim, yooj yim casting rau ntau txoj kev sib tw. ZL101 Alloy tau siv rau cov chaw nyuaj uas dais loads, xws li cov khoom lag luam, cov khoom siv nkoj, nres nruas, qhov chaw. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li tus ZL101 Alloy, lub tshuab los tswj kev tswj hwm raug tswj tau, thiab cov khoom siv zl101A nrog kev txhim kho cov thev naus laus zis tshuab. Nws tau raug siv los nrum ntau lub plhaub qhov chaw, cov dav hlau twj tso kua mis lub cev, tsheb thauj khoom, thiab roj roj. Lub thawv luj tshib, dav hlau dav hlau thiab lwm yam khoom siv-cov kabmob.

(2) Zl102 Alloy ZL102 Alloy muaj cov cua sov ua kom tsis zoo thiab muaj kev kho kom zoo dua los ntawm kev kho cua sov, thiab muaj lub zog kub. Nws yog qhov haum rau kev ua kom loj thiab nyias-walled complex ntu. Haum rau tuag casting. Hom ntawm alloy no tsuas yog siv los withststand back-walled castings nrog cov duab uas nyuaj, xws li muaj ntau yam cuab yeej cuab tam, pistons, pistons, thiab lwm yam.

(3) ZL104 alloy ZL104 alloy has good air tightness, fluidity and thermal crack resistance, high strength, corrosion resistance, welding performance and cutting performance, but low heat resistance strength, easy to produce small pores, casting The process is more complicated. Yog li ntawd, nws yog tsuas yog siv los tsim cov loj xuab zeb hlau kis, cov log tsheb fais, npog lub tog raj kheej log, npog phaj phaj phaj phaj, npog lub dav hlau, nkoj thiab tsheb thiab tsheb.

(4) Zl105 Alloy Zl105 Alloy muaj cov khoom siv khomob heev, txaus siab txiav ntau dua li zl104 alloy thiab cov zaub mov tsis muaj zog thiab corrosion stability. Nws yog qhov haum rau ntau txoj hauv kev. Hom ntawm alloy no tsuas yog siv los tsim cov dav hlau, cov tsev xuab zeb thiab cov vaj tse ua haujlwm thiab cov twj paj nruag hnyav, ntxiv rau cov khoom txhawb thiab lwm yam kev siv tshuab.

Daim Ntawv Thov ntawm Nrum Aluminium zinc (al-zn) alloy

Rau al-zyn alloys, vim muaj kev kub siab tshaj plaws ntawm zn hauv al, thaum zn nrog ntau tshaj li 10% ntxiv rau Al, lub zog ntawm cov alloy tuaj yeem txhim kho. Txawm hais tias qhov no hom ntawm alloy muaj siab kawg li kev kho mob thiab lub zog siab ntawm cov alloy no tsis zoo, thiab kub tawg yooj yim thaum lub sijhawm ua pov. Yog li no, hom ntawm alloy no tsuas yog siv los tsim cov chaw ua cov khoom siv uas tuag tsev.

Cov yam ntxwv thiab kev siv ntawm cov cam cast al-zn alloys muaj raws li hauv qab no:

(1) Zl401 Alloy Zl401 Alloy muaj qhov nruab nrab Casting, muaj zog vuam, tab sis cov khib nyiab zoo, thiab tsis zoo corrosion tsis kam. Zl401 Alloy yog siv ntau yam kev ua haujlwm siab, kev ua haujlwm kub tshaj 200 degrees thiab cov qauv ntawm lub tsheb thiab cov dav hlau qhov chaw yog qhov nyuaj.

(2) Zl402 Alloy Zl402 Alloy muaj cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke, cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob zoo, thiab cov xov tooj cua siab, tig lub log tsheb, thiab cua compressor pistons.
Daim Ntawv Thov ntawm Nrum txhuas magnesium (al-mg) alloy

Qhov loj feem ntawm mg hauv al-mg alloy yog 4% ~ 11%. Lub alloy muaj qhov ntom ntom tsawg, cov neeg kho tshuab siab, cov khoom siv corrosion, kev txiav txim zoo thiab zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj. Txawm li cas los xij, vim kev sib tw smelting thiab casting cov txheej txheem ntawm hom no, ntxiv rau kev siv raws li kev tiv thaiv corrosion-resistant alloy, nws tseem siv los ua ib qho kev ua kom zoo nkauj rau kev dai kom zoo. Cov yam ntxwv thiab kev siv ntawm cov cam khwb cia al-mg alloys muaj raws li hauv qab no.

(1) Zl301 Alloy Zl301 Alloy muaj lub zog siab, txiav kev ua tau zoo, muaj peev xwm anodized, thiab vibrated. Qhov tsis zoo yog tias nws muaj qhov nyiam rau microscopically xoob thiab yog qhov nyuaj ntiab tawm. Zl301 Alloy nws yog siv los tsim qhov chaw nrog siab corrosion tsis kam raws li cov huab cua thiab dej hiav txwv, txhawb nqa, pas nrig thiab accessories.

(2) Zl303 Alloy Zl303 alloy muaj cov khoom zoo corrosion, kev ua tau zoo, tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo los ntawm kev kho mob cua sov, thiab muaj lub zog ua kom shrinkage qhov. Nws yog dav siv Tuag Casting. Hom ntawm alloy no tsuas yog siv rau nruab nrab load nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm corrosion thiab kev khiav hauj lwm kub tsis dhau 200 degrine celsius, xws li marine nkoj qhov chaw thiab tshuab plhaub.

(3) Zl305 alloy Zl305 alloy feem ntau ntxiv nrog ZN ntawm Al-Mg Alloy los tswj kev ua kom muaj zog, thiab kev ntxhov siab thiab pore qhov tsis xws ntawm cov alloy. Hom ntawm alloy no tsuas yog siv rau kev thauj khoom siab, ua haujlwm kub hauv qab 100 degrees Celsius, thiab cov dej siab ua haujlwm, xws li cov dej hiav txwv, xws li qhov chaw hauv lub nkoj marine.
Taw qhia rau Aluminium Ingot Txuj Ci
Txhuas ingot rau kev rov ua dua-15kg, 20kg (≤99.80% AL):
T-puab Algot ingot - 500kg, 1000kg (≤99.80% AL):
High-purity aluminium ingots-10kg, 15kg (99.90% ~ 99.999% al);
Aluminium Alloy Ingot - 10Kg, 15Kg (al - Si, al - Cu, al - mg);
Phaj ingot - 500 ~ 1000kg (rau phaj ua);
Hloov ntxaiv-30 ~ 60kg (rau xaim kos duab).

Ntau Cov Lus Qhia Txuas:https://www.wanmetal.com/

 

 

 

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DISCLAIMER: Cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob hauv cov kab lus no yog siv xwb tsuas yog, tsis yog kev txiav txim siab ncaj qha. Yog tias koj tsis npaj siab ua txhaum rau koj cov cai lij choj, thov hu rau peb nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm.